Birds of Celebes: Peristeridae. 645 



20, Klaesi ell, Modigliani e loy, Banka (v. den Bossclie 4); Billiton (Vorder- 

 man 17); Borneo (Mottley, etc. d 10); Balabac (Everett 27); Palawan (Whitehead 

 d 11, d 10); Saugi Islands — Siao, Tagulandang, Ruang, and Biarro (Nat. Coll. in 

 Dresd. and Triug Museums); Celebes — Talissi (Hickson 16), Banka, Mantehage, 

 and Manado tua (Nat. Coll.), Minahassa (Wallace b 1, 20, Meyer d 9, etc.), Goron- 

 talo Distr. (v. Rosenberg 4, Meyer d 9), West Celebes, Dongala (Doherty 26], 

 Central Celebes, Barau (Sarasins 24), Tjamba Distr. (Platen e S), Macassar (Wallace 

 20); Indrulaman (Everett 25); Java (Horsfield e 5, Bernstein 4, etc.); Kangean 

 Is. (Vorderman ell); Bali (Doherty 25); Lombok (Wallace d 1, 20, etc.); Siun- 

 bawa (Forsten 4, Guillemard e 9, etc.); Sumba (Riedel e 4, Doherty 25); Flores 

 (Wallace d 1, 20, Semmelink 4, Weber e 16); Solor (Wallace 20); Timor 

 (Wallace d 1, 20, Hoedt 4); Wetter (Hoedt 4, Riedel e 4); Kisser, and Lettie 

 (Hoedt 4); Daweloor (Riedel e 4); Timorlaut (Riedel e 7); Halmahera (Bernstein 

 4, Bruijn e 5); Ternate (Wallace d 2, 20, Bernstein 4); Tidore (Bruijn c 5); 

 Amboina (S. Miiller 4). 



In the Catalogue of Birds vol. XXI, Count Salvador! divides the Turtle 

 Doves into five subgenera, one of which, SpilopeUa Sundev., is constituted by 

 the present species and its two relations, T. chinensis (Scop.) of China and 

 T. suratensis (Gm.i of India, Ceylon and Afganistan. They are recognisable by 

 the feathers of the hind neck, which are bifid and black, with the double tip 

 white. T. chineiisiti is larger than tigrbius, has the under tail-coverts grey, not 

 white, and wants the dark shaft-streaks on the wings and scapulars; T. suratenais 

 has two reddish side-spots at the tips of the feathers of the upper back and 

 scapulars, and "the wing-coverts and tertials with a terminal black spot spreading 

 up the shaft and set ofi^ by an isabelline or grepsh red spot on each side" 

 (Legge 7). Mr. Hume (d5) believed that T. suratensis and tigrimis intergraded 

 with one another in Upper Pegu, but this view has found confirmation neither 

 from A. Miiller (11). Gates (12), nor Salvador! (e5,20). and later Hume 

 himself seems to have abandoned it (14). 



According to Meyer (d9) T. ticirinus was introduced into Celebes about the 

 year 1835, and it is now a common species at least in the North of the island. 

 In a similar way it was introduced into Labuan by Mr. Low, as Mr. Everett 

 (d 10) states, and it now abounds there, and the author adds that "it is said to 

 have been introduced on the mainland of Borneo from Java". It is kept in 

 cages and much loved as a pet in Sumatra, according to Bock (10) and 

 Hagen (17), and in the Malay Peninsula (Kelham 9); in the former country 

 it is, as Bock says, regarded as something almost sacred, and absurdly high 

 prices (as Davison also found) are demanded for specimens, but Hagen seems 

 to have found that they are treated with less reverence in East Sumatra, the 

 males being kept for fighting purposes. The custom of keeping it in cages 

 may explain its introduction into many localities, but it would appear to have 

 spread its range by flight as well. Its original habitat appears to have been the 

 Burmese countries or .lava. 



Birds found from Java to Timor are said by Count Salvador! to be rather 



