(366 Birds of Celebes: Phasianidae. 



Salanga, Java, Borneo, the Philippines probably, and Australia; and in tropical 

 regions birds are generally resident in countries where they breed, though 

 they may shift their quarters for food. With such species local differences are 

 not unlikely to occur. E. chine^sis alters, as Mr. Ogilvie-Grant shows, con- 

 siderably with age, and individual variation must also be allowed for. 



E. chinensis is most nearly allied to E. lepida Hartl. of the New Britain 

 group, which has the whole of the breast bluish slate, and only the abdomen 

 chestnut. The single other species of the genus E.vcalfactoria, E. adansoni (Verr.), 

 is found in Africa from about the equator southwards; this differs more widely. 



Very few naturalists have met with this sjiecies in Celebes, perhaps on 

 account of its preferring the stretches of open ground of the country, instead 

 of forest. Rosenberg (j 1) describes it as resorting to districts covered with 

 high grass-growths, for instance, near Limbotto and Bone. "Like our Quail the 

 little creature rises before the feet of the sportsman, flies a few yards straight 

 as a line over the ground, falls again, and runs away further". Bernstein 

 {e 4) writes of it in Java: "This pretty little bird specially frequents the thick, 

 wide-spread Alang-Alang wastes in which it can easily hide between the high 

 stalks, it also occurs not rarely on pasture and fields near the villages. It fhes 

 unwillingly, and tries to escape danger rather by running, or by squatting on 

 the ground. Owing to its quiet and concealed kind of life it is difficult to ob- 

 serve its habits and economy. Its food consists of insects, worms, and various 

 seeds. I myself have kept several individuals alive for a long time with small 

 gTasshoppers and other insects. They remained, however, always shy, and often 

 injured themselves by wildly fluttering about. Their call-note is a soft "dudiidii" 

 or "duhdiidi", at first loud and gradually getting weaker. The nest I have several 

 times found" (cf. supra). Its habits in Borneo are remarked upon by Mottley 

 ie 5 — in whose care some twenty caged specimens became very tame), in 

 Ceylon by Legge (e 8), in India by Jerdon (2, VI), in Pegu and Tenasserim 

 by Gates and Davison, and elsewhere by other authors. 



GENUS G ALIUS Temiii. (from L. and Briss.). 



The Jungle Fowl may be easily recognised by its comb and wattles, by the 

 long hackle-feathers of the neck and rump (in the male;, by the rectrices bilater- 

 ally pressed together into a gable-shape , and in the male greatly lengthened, 

 by the spur on the tarsus of the male. Four species are known, the cocks of 

 three of which crow differently, as no doubt the fourth does also. 



The genus ranges from India to Lombok, perhaps further, and Galhis 

 ferrugineus is found in a wild state in many other localities, in some of which it 

 has certainly, in others most likely, been introduced by man. 



