Birds of Celebes: Rallidae. 693 



d. Hypotaenidia gularis (1) Steju., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 362. 



e. Hypotaenidia jouyi (1) Stejn., ib. 363; (2) Styan, Ibis 1891, 329, 500. 



Figure and descriptions. Reichenbach c J; Jerdon a 4; Scblegel 2; David & Oust. 7; 



Legge 9\ Gates 20\ Vorderman 21; Sharpe 52; Stejneger a 7, d 1, el. 

 Adult male. Above black, the feathers fringed with raw umber, the cervix and mantle with 

 white lateral siDots, which extend into irregular white bars on the back and wings; 

 wings generally browner than the back; head above brown with black centres, 

 passing into dull chestnut on supraloral region, sides of occij)ut, nape and neck; 

 lores, cheeks, jugulum, and breast slate-grey; chin and upper throat white; 

 abdomen, sides, under wing-coverts and thighs dusky, barred with white; 

 quills below dusky brown, barred with white not quite across ;■■ "iris red; bill- 

 culmen dark brown, paling to slate at the tips, the sides of both mandibles red; legs 

 and feet olivaceous or livid brown, with the joints darker; claws pale brown" — 

 Legge 9 {(f, S. Leyte: Everett — C 4502). 



Immature. Like the adult, but more uniform above, marked only with sjjots or short cross- 

 streaks of white, none on the primary coverts; hardly any chestnut on sides of head 

 and neck; the slate-grey of the jugulum and breast varied with fawn-colour; middle 

 of abdomen whitish; "bill reddish grey; iris sepia; feet grey" {(f, Kema, N. Celebes, 

 26. Aug. 93: P. & F. Sarasin). 



Young. "Differs from the adult in having the bill black, and the upper surface much 

 darker and without any white spots and bars on the back; the head blackish, and 

 the back darker olive-brown, with broad black centres to the feathers; no rufous on 

 the sides of head or sides of crown and sides of neck" (Sharpe 32). 



Winter dress. "Plumage entirely overshaded with olive-brown, and there is a distinct 

 fulvescent tinge on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, almost hiding the black bars 

 on the latter" (Sharpe 32). 



Measurements. Wing 115 — 120 mm; tail 40; tarsus 35, 36; mid. toe with claw 41; culmen 

 fr. nasofrontal sut. 35 — 38 (2 examples). 



Eggs. "The eggs in my collection, some from Formosa, the others from Pegu (the latter 

 obtained by Gates 10. Sept. 1880 and 11. Get. 1876), resemble those of our Rall/is 

 aquaticiis. The maculation is, however, a different one, much more copious and in- 

 tense, so that they can be readily distinguished. The measurements are: 33.5 X 26 mm" 

 (Nehrkorn MS.). 6 or 7 in number; oval, occasionally almost pyriform; pure white 

 to rich salmon-pink, blotched, spotted and specked with burnt Sienna-red to dull reddish 

 purple, with subjacent markings of greyish hlac (ex Hume 26). 



Nest. A pad or heap of grass, 1 to 12 inches thick, 6 to 10 in. diam. at top, placed in 

 grass, rushes, or standing rice close by water (Hume 26). 



Breeding time. "From May to Gctober according to locahty" (Hume 26). 



Distribution. Bengal and Southern India (Hume 26, etc. 32); Ceylon (Legge 9); Pegu 

 (Gates 18, 20, etc.); Tenasserim (Davison 8, 32, Bingham 11); China — Lower 

 Yangtse (Styan e 2); S. China (David 7, Rickett 34); Formosa (Swinhoe a 2, a 3); 

 Cochin China (Diard 2, Conrad ad); Siam (Swinhoe a 5); Malay Peninsula (Cantor, 

 Maingay, etc. 32); Sumatra (Raffles 5, H. G.Forbes 19, etc.); Java (Horsfield 

 b 1, Bernstein b 2, etc.); Borneo (Doria & Beccari 5, Low, Mottley 24i; 

 Philippines — Luzon, Cebu, Leyte, Guimaras, Panay, Negros, Samar, Siquijor, 

 Calamianes, Mindanao, Sooloo (Everett 13, Steere 23, Bourns & Worces. 36, 

 Guillemard 22, 35); Celebes — Minahassa (Wallace 3, P. & F. Sarasin 37). 



The Plumbeous-breasted Rail was originally described by Brisson from the 

 Philippine Islands, throughout which it seems to occur. As to Celebes, it has 



