760 Birds of Celebes: Charadriidae. 



R. A. S. 1889, 208; (19) Steere, List Coll. B. & M. Pliilipp. 1890, 26; (20) Seeb., 

 B. Japan 1890, 321; (21) W. Bias., J. f. 0. 1890, 145; (22) Styan, Ibis 1891, 

 507; (23) Salvad., Orn. Pap. Agg. 1891, 202; (24) Campb., Ibis 1892, 246; 

 (25) Tacz., Faun. Orn. Sib. Orient. 1893, IE, 860; (26) Buttik., Zool. Erg. Weber's 

 Reise 1893, HI, 283; (27) Newton, Diet. B. 1893, 384. 



d. Glottis glottoides (Sykes) (I) Gld., B. Austr. 1848, VI, pi. 36. 



e. Totanus caneseens (1) Adams, P. Z. S. 1859, 169; (2) Finsch & Hartl., Vog. 0. Afr. 



1870, 745; (III) Sh. & Dress., B. Europe 1871, VHI, 173, pi. 570; (4) Hume, Str. F. 

 1874, n, 299; (5) Briigg., ;Abh. Ver. Bremen 1876, V, 95; (6) Wardl. Rams., 

 Tweedd. Orn. Works, Index 1881, 660; (7) Salvad., Orn. Pap. 1882, ID, 325; 

 (8) Gates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, H, 402; (9) W. Bias., Z. ges. Orn. 1886, 200; 

 (10) E. Rams., Tab. List 1888, 20. 



f. Totanus nebularius (1) Stejn., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, V, 37; (2) Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. 



Water B. N. Am. 1884, I, 267; (3) Stejn., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 18S5, Nr. 29, 128. 



g. Totanus littoreus L.; (1) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 180. 



h. Glottis nebularius (1) Sharpe; Cat. B. 1896, XXIV, 481, 763. 



For further synonymy and references cf. Finscb & Hartlaub e 2; Legge 14; Salvadori e 7; 

 Taczanowski 25\ Sbarpe h 1, etc. 



Figures and descriptions. Naumann 77; Gould 777, d I\ Sharpe & Dresser e 777; 

 Legge 14] Seebobm 16, 17 (woodcut); Salvadori e 7; Taczanowski 25; Sharpe 

 h 1; etc., etc. — Eyton, Ost. av. 1867 figm-ed the skeleton, pi. 8 k and 34, 1; Milne- 

 Edwards, Ois. foss. 1867 — 8 some particulars; as well as Jager, Sb. Ak. Wien 1857, 

 XXm, pi. n, figs. 16—17. 



Winter plumage. General coloiu- above mealy drab-brown, the feathers with dark shafts 

 and notched at the edges with dark brown and wliitish; head and hind neck dus- 

 kier, striolated with white; lower back and rump white, the longest upper tail- 

 coverts shghtly barred with brown towards the tips; tail white, laterally barred with 

 brown, the middle feathers terminally washed with ashy grey; sides of forehead, 

 cheeks and under-parts white, the lores mth dusky s^jots; under wing-coverts 

 white with bars or sagittate centre-spots of dark brown; "iris hght brown; bill bluish 

 leaden at base, changing to brownish towards the i\\> . . .; legs and feet bluish leaden, 

 the toes and tibia; somewhat greenish": Legge 14 (Gorontalo: Riedel — 274). 



Changes of plumage. "The changes of plumage in the Greenshank at the four different 

 seasons of the year are well marked. In winter it is pure white undei'neath, and 

 clear ashy-grey above. In April it begins to show traces of breecUng plumage, the 

 feathers of the back exhibiting signs of approaching black, while the under surface 

 is also spotted here and there with black on the upper part of the breast. By June 

 the bird is in full breeding dress, very dark on the upper surface, and all the fore 

 part of the throat and breast thickly covered with oval spots, while the flanks and 

 under tail-coverts are also marked with blackish. By the end of July the bird begins 

 to change, and in August rapidly passes into a somewhat lighter dress, assuming 

 huffy white edgings to the feathers of the upper surface, wliile the underside of the 

 body is quite white, excepting slight remains of dark markings on tlie fore part of 

 the breast; at this season of the year the tail is very different, the centre feathers 

 being distinctly barred, whereas at all other times they are more or less uniform 

 grey with indications of bars only on the basal part of the feathers" (Sharpe & 

 Dresser e 777). 



Measurements. Wing 180 — 193 mm; tail 75 — 82; bill from feathers of forehead 52 — 59; 

 tarsus 57 — 65; middle toe with claw 35 — 39 (from the measm-ements of 8 E. Siberian 

 examj)les by Taczanowski 25, and 2 from N. Celebes in the Dresden Museum). 



