4 



806 Birds of Celebes: Ciconiidae. 



said to breed in Spain (Dresser IV). The bird probably winters in Africa, 

 where it is known nearly as far south as the Cape Colony. In India it is, as 

 Legge points out, a cold-weather visitant, and it has not been recorded as 

 breeding there, except in Sind. In Ceylon it is a resident. It is also known 

 to breed in Australia. 



In general appearance the Ibis, particularly Plegadis, calls to mind the 

 Curlew. The present species dons a chestnut dress on the neck and breast in 

 the breeding season like certain Shore-birds and Waders, to wit, the Godwits, 

 the Grey Phalarope, one or more of the Stints, the Curlew-sandpiper, etc. 

 Probably a position somewhere between the Limicolae and the Storks and Herons 

 will not be far wrong for the Ibises. 



FAMILY CICONIIDAE. 



The Storks may be distinguished from the Herons by their having the hallux 

 raised above the plane of the other toes instead of on a level with them; the 

 claw of the middle toe is not pectinated. The straight Heron-like bill distinguishes 

 them at once from the Ibises and Spornbills. See, also, supra, Ciconiae. 



GENUS DISSOURA Cab. 



Size large; bill about 3 times as long as the head, large, straight, pointed, 

 nostril in the basal fourth, linear; face naked, the skin leaden in colour, neck 

 covered with down, without contour- feathers ; tail a little longer than the tarsus, 

 the lateral upper tail-coverts lengthened, forming a strong lyre-shaped support 

 to the rectrices; lower half of tibia and tarsus naked, reticulated; the tarsus 

 twice as long as the middle toe and claw; wing large, the inner secondaries 

 about as long as the primaries, the shorter secondaries about '/., shorter. The 

 genus is found in Africa, and from India to Celebes. 



i-344. DISSOURA EPISCOPUS (BodcL). 



White-necked Stork. 



a. Ardea episcopus (1) Bodd., Tabl. PI. Enl. 1783, p. 54. 

 h. Ardea leucocephala (1) Gm., S. N. 1788, I, 642. 



c. Ciconia leucocephala (1) Horsf., Tr. L. S. 1821, XTTT, 188; (2) Schl, Mus. P.-B., Ciconiae, 



1864, 9; (3) Rosenb., Malay. Archip. 1878, 235, 278. 



d. Ciconia episcopus (1) G. R. Gray, Gen. B. IH, 561 (1848); (2) Hartl. & Finsch, Vog. 



O.-Afr. 1870, 722, pt. ; (3) Heugl., Vog. N.-O.-Afr. 1871, 1108, pt; (4) Rchw., 

 J. f. 0. 1877, 168. 



e. Ciconia microscelis (I) G. E. Gray, Gen. B. 1848, HI, 561, pi. 151; (II) Rchb., Grallat., 



1851, t. 144, f. 2388. 

 /: Sphenorhynchus umbellata (I) Rchb., Grallat. 1852, t. 165, f. 456. 

 g. Melanopelargus episcopus (1) Blyth, Ibis 1867, 172; (2) Wald., Tr. Z. S. 1872, VTU, 101 ; 



