Birds of Celebes: Ciconiidae. 



807 



(3) Adam, Str. F. 1873, I, 398; (4) Ball, ib. 1874, H, 433; (5) Salvad., Ucc. Borneo 

 1874, 356; (6) Hume & Davis., Str. F. 1878, VI, 469; (7) Tweedd., P. Z. S. 1878, 

 344, 953; (8) Meyer, Ibis 1879, 144, 146; (9) Sharpe, t. c. 272; (10) W. Bias., 

 J. f. O. 1882, 254; (11) id.. Verb, z.-bot. Ges. Wien 1883, 72; (12) id., J. f. O. 1883, 140; 

 (13) Vorderm., N. T. Ned. Ind. 1885, XLIV, 239; (14) W. Bias., Ztschr. ges. Ora. 

 1886, 170; (15) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. A. S. 1889, 191; (16) Steere, List Coll. 

 B. &M. Pbilipp. Is. 1890, 27; (17) Bourns & Worces., B. Menage Exp. 1894, 32; 

 (18) Grant, Ibis 1895, 267; (19) P.&F. Sarasin, Z. Ges. Erdk. Berlin 1895, 333; 

 (20) M. & Wg., Abb. Mus. Dresden 1896, Nr. 1, p. 15. 



Dissourai) episcopus (1) Salv, & Scl., Ibis 1878, 477; (2) Hume, Str. F. 1879, YTTT, 71; (3) 

 Vidal, t. c. 173; (4) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 1119; (5) Vidal, S. F. 1880, IX, 88; (6) 

 Butler, t. c. 433; (7) Beid, ib. X, 1881, 74; (8) Gates, t. c. 1882, 243; (9) Davis., 

 t. c. 1883, 416; (10) Gates, B. Brit. Burmah 1883, U, 265; (11) Brd., Brew. & 

 Ridgw., Water B. K Am. 1884, I, 77; (12) C. Swinb., Ibis 1885, 135; (13) Heine 

 & Rchw., Nomencl. Mus. Heiu. 1890, 311; (14) Gates ed. Hume's Nests and Eggs 

 Ind. B. 1890, IH, 268; (15) Hart., Nov. Zool. 1896, 598. 



"Timbao" [Gorontalo Distr.], Rosenberg c 3. "Swekko burung taon", Minabassa, Nat. Coll. 



For further synonymy and references [excluding the African form] cf. Hartlaub & Finscb 

 d 2; Heuglin (/ 5; Salvadori g 5; Gates 10. 



Figures and descriptions. Gray e J; Reicbenbach e II, f I; Scblegel c 2; Legge 4; 

 Gates 10; Vorderman g 13; etc. 



Adult. Black, glossed witb metallic green, some steel-blue on the back; breast glossed with 

 auricula -purple; lower breast, tbigbs anteriorly, sides and under wing-coverts dusky 

 glossed with green; abdomen, thighs behind, and tail-feathers white; neck 

 clothed with white down; crown and nape glossy blue-black; skin of face, and sides 

 of upper neck bare, "leaden" (Legge), forehead covered with a little down (rf. Lake 

 Posso, Central Celebes, 12. Febr. 1895: P.&F. Sarasin). 



The upper tail-coverts are much lengthened laterally, forming a strong fork, 

 reaching nearly to the end of the rectrices. 



"Ii-is scarlet, with a yellow disk in the sclerotic or space surrounding the ms; 

 bill black, changing to red at the tips of both mandibles, margins red; . . . legs and 

 feet dusky red, the edges of the webs whitish ; . . bare skin along the ulna vermihon- 

 red" (Legge 4). 



Young. In the first plumage the sides of the head are feathered, and the neck, though clothed 

 in white down, shows also blackish brown feathers, but which fall out in proportion 

 as the down-feathers increase in extent (Scblegel c 2; see also Legge 4, 

 W. Blasius g 10). 



Measurements. 



a. (Nr. 3199) ad., N. Celebes, 1871 (Meyer) . . 



b. (C 2010) g ad., Limbotto, July 71 (Meyer) . 



c. (C 13273) ad., Main, Minabassa, Feb. 94 (Nat. C.) 



d. (C 13861) ad., Malalajang, Minah., Nov. 94 (iid.) 



e. (Sarasin Coll.) rf ad.. Lake Posso, Feb. 95 . 



For comparison: D. pruyssmaen: 

 (C 5824) ad., W. Afi-ica (v. Koppenfels) . . . 

 (C 15906) ad., "Abyssinia" 



Exposed 

 cuhnen 



139 



157 

 137 

 151 

 146 



138 

 140 



Also spelt i»iss«ra by many ornitbologists, but Dissowra is the original of Cabanis (cf. Ee ichenow rf^). 



