Birds of Celebes: Laridae. §95 



"Winconsin (Saunders 10). — In the East Indies: Philippines — Mndanao (Bourns 

 & Worcester a 4, Moseley 10]\ Borneo (Grabowsky c6,9, Everett JO); Java 

 (Horsfield b 1, 10, Vorderman c9); Celebes — North Peninsula (Forsten d 1), 

 South Peninsula, Tempe (Weber e 10]\ Great Sangi (Bruijn c 4, c 8); ?Amboina 

 (Platen c 5, e 1, c 6). 



The White- winged Black Tern has been recorded three times from Celebes, 

 two of the specimens being in the Leyden and the third in the British Museum. 

 One specimen is known from Sangi. Following the lead of Gray and Schlegel, 

 writers on birds from the East Indies have generally called this Tern H. nigra, 

 but the true Black Tern of Europe does not, according to Mr. Saunders, 

 range east beyond Turkestan and Abyssinia. From the latter species, H. leucoptera, 

 which Naumann considered the most beautiful of all the Terns, may be dis- 

 tinguished when adult by its white lesser and metacarpal wing-coverts, blackish 

 red bill, white tail, which is very little forked, by its smaller size, but larger 

 feet, which are scarlet in colour and less webbed than in H. nigra. H. hyhrida 

 may be distinguished from H. leucoptera at all times by its larger size and grey 

 (not white) tail, which is not almost square but forked to a depth of 15 — 20 mm. 

 and in the breeding season its cheeks and throat are grey, and a white stripe 

 passes across the face. 



381. HYDROCHELIDON HYBRID A (Pall). 

 Whiskered Tern. 



a. Sterna hybrida (1) Pall., Zoogr. Eosso-Asiat. 1811, 11, 3H8; (2) Schl, Mus. P.-B., Steniae, 



1863, 32; (3) Rosenb., Malay. Archip. 1878, 279; (4) Gates, ed. Hume's Nests 

 & Eggs 1890, in, 305. 



b. Sterna leucopareia (1) Natterer in Temm. Man. d'Orn. 1820, 740; (11) Naum., Vog. 



Deutsclil. 1840, X, 168, t. 255. 



c. Sterna javanica (1) Horsf., Tr. L. Soc. 1821, Xm, 198 (the species in Horsfield's Zool. 



Res. in Java is jS. melatwgaster T., fide Saunders). 

 Hydrochelidon hybrida (1) Bp., Oat. Ucc. Eur. 1842, 77; (2) Swinh., P. Z. S. 1871, 421; 

 (3) Salvad., Ucc. Borneo 1874, 372; (IV) Dress., B. Eur. 1877, VHI, 315, pis. 588, 

 589; (5) David & Oust., Ois. Chine 1877, 524; (6) Tweedd., P. Z. S. 1877, 536, 

 551; (7) Hume & Davis., Str. F. 1878, VI, 491; (8) Legge, B. Ceylon 1880, 996; 

 (9) W. Rams., Tweedd. Orn. Works, Index 1881, 660; (10) Salvadori, Orn. Pap. 

 1882, in, 427, 566; (11) Vorderm., N. T. Ned. Ind. 1882, XLH, 126; (12) Gates, 

 B. Br. Burmah 1883, H, 419; (13) Seeb., Ibis 1884, 270; (14) W. Bias., Z. ges. 

 Grn. 1886, 204; (15) Sharpe, Ibis 1888, 204; (16) Rams., Tab. List 1888, 23; 

 (17) North, Nests & Eggs B. Austr. 1889, 353, 402; (18) Everett, J. Str. Br. R. 



A. S. 1889, 21(1; (19) Radde & Walter, Gmis 1889, 127; (20) Whitehead, Ibis 

 1890, 61; (21) Styan, Ibis 1891, 331, 509; (22) De La Touche, Ibis 1892, 502; 

 (23) Blittik., Zool. Erg. Weber's Reise 1893, HI, 285; (24) Bns. & Worces., 



B. Menage Exp. 1894,30; (25) Saund., Cat. B. 1896, XXV, 10; (26) Grant, Bns 

 1896, 127. 



d. Hydrochelidon fluviatUis (1) Gld., P. Z. S. 1842, 140; (11) id., B. Austr. 1848, \TI, pi. 31. 



