| 85—1854.] THE ILU ЛАЙЫ GAZETTE. 571 
manner manner that it should be regulated at ар to rise d together, as X ero vr ng bars of metal, m9 lst. As — - — y tbe sene "and 
— а = six meya emm to the bulk of со form is also very differe in some the hers à | biennia ls. Thes as they pagate 
, how ss an opinion - no | parallel, and the teeth, vosque), fixed along at| | themselves chiefly i. кенесш eed an and depeiing Н 
airline p * Mieten "available which v y t eut | certain dis stances ; or the frame y be of а zi (апа whieh, in some о 
éémewhat damp str&w, and deliver (as and its | shape, which seems to have the rra Pa of covering | Charlock, will remain latent in m rdv miren: 
ее до) · out. of d ndi of the 4. lt the greatest amount of land, with the same quantity of | siderable period), should be eradicated or removed ав 
| mue and 
à up - 
without Burry dnd by task-work. Тһе farmer would these. The teeth, or tines, differ as regards their shape, | roots, are the more easily removed by hoeing and such 
'be provided M уде in =- use of which, | uu» itemm and number, The teeth are usually ais alike, Тһе first operation as respeets their 
рей im its дау” i 
oss and incon- |straig реи кр» ог, їп воше {ез tci of course depends much on tbe means of 
wénienee would be reduced to a minimum, А more somewbat curved atthe bottom. They should, however, paration of the land for the coming crop, in 
maeh'ue is required for this country than for always ебе angle to the opposing ground, and, this: ease of course the constant ploughing wp er 
ісіне. "heir crops being ligh ore therefore, should be angular; the point or edge always e digging up the land and exposing а new 
easily cut, their — being of much less value on the | placed in front, во as to have the greatest possible suríace to the action of the sun, wind, and air, as often 
te ean be afforded, and their — | cutting properties. The length depends much оп the ав m is — possible, tends greatly to their 
[гга a h а hi йн rate is more easily со | use; as, in the heavy drags, tbey should be much longer | destruction—tbeir roots being expored soon cause them 
, 
with by machi ey Moreover English Mare being than in he light seed harrows, usually termed shert- to uidi and ultimately rot. This, of mundi d also 
bred up iu the notion that machines are their enemies toothed barrows. Sieinsimation should be so arranged materially assisted by the. — of the drags and harrowa 
feel little willingness to overcome eM eme and on mm frame that no lump of earth of any material separating the weeds from tbe and sull more 
"agrieultu e for this country, ean escape their action, and moreover being so períeetly exposing their roots, also by фе * of 
unless almost self- pae or of supereminent Stem cafes the harrow allows better of the removal of any | roller, as disintegrating the land when often 
too much of the master’s superintendence to be weeds and rubbish which necessarily always collects Ава means of destruction, the skim: plough, whieh - 
i i i e Segue | i in N n 
Ё 
B 
id 
= 
E 
suecessfu Е ur | : very 
“Maċhinists, have, however, reason to congra | "The number, of course, is of no mat , goes to a sufficient depth for the extirpation of the 
themselves that i ш so difficult an operation as fib seldom one harrow is used for an operation, except roots of the majority of the annuals and biennials, 
ing the large. erops of an English barvest, and under in the „саве of the heavy drags, in which they are usually Besides the immediate preceding operations to the 
n P e ro 
equality, во as to obviate all apprehension of any great point then, however, not to have too many teeth, as, if tion. The after operations, i.c, when the erop is in 
іпегеаѕе of expense in future years from a deficiency of this is the case, the harrow does not act во wenn in Pe ven есы consist. of — either by the hand, 
labourers. They are already in sight of the goal. On nly | and does not go so deep. by means of the horse hoe, or by the patent Garrett's 
persevere and perfect success must be attained. | he faste temings of the several harrows when united hore юе. These wow "Tepresent the — M 
usually consist of a bolt, and also of course — мо fatetur г норов the annual or biennial 
i А 5 of the perenni 
e 
mining, - arrow is generally applied are those of disin- - root ча 
gration, demand more and more hands from the agri- tegrati LE ge and LS. up all lumps, &e. | ferent А y аа as they propagate — 
l ap . This i "e ade € у death some considerable depth, the "abra must commence 
low-paid agr'cultural labourer or his progeny is thus аллей it from не clodi: and irepl it ipei: immediately the crop has been removed, i. e., the first 
tonverted into a more efficient consumer, beneficially to and bnt iy as seen in "iu: MM toothed вза harrows, thing in the autumn, when туи and teams — 
himself andto the community ; while agriculture, » T6- that of covering in the seed, by raking as it were pam | spared, эре LS mei = 
lieved of re incubus of an over-numerous — h Ti ro за ploughings, scarifyings, € монам an wing, so 
ice of ast over Ве seed; nese are the е ане tho aecda, etu 
population, ^ e pec her economy e ле which the harrow is applied; but there are осаат pn , 
ботбот, and ris of human rtm nen y el points.as regards their wor king; tbus itis ^ 
— а E -— exerce fü abi аг better to join two or more of t i lig ghi harrows Lt Lus as hé cibo 
re апа more an-exhibiton. oi the-505J*C- | together, using an extraforcein horse labour, than itis to | m х mu 
tion of - ra r "elf which The skim plough is also very useful in this case, 
sw ТЕ: to LL intelligence, Alev. Hali Hall, use them singly ; thus, first, one harrow by itself, mhich perits 0 e Mo ge чщ rs Шыл, ам Bii 
fee 
"— н - + | the autunm operations, is then 1е during the winter ; 
; the other foot being lost by its jingling, &c., while, | Р d 
— if ree of suc etii ed, dà fl e didt ol 12, n and t niam „оп the la cerne orde e removal óf 
KOYA AL' AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE or at least 11, buf are well harrowed ; abd morecver 4Y € san remaning very d y ——— 
SESSIONAL "EXAMINATION i ш CTICAL AGRICULTURE. | the operation is bus done, inasmuch as the weight is | ауе Cone 5y se зз 7 Cih ibo ак 
€ ELI - 
[The followi; ^ pë uestions with their | Power, as where one horse is requ or one - 
әт. Бу taces r: M | two T suffice — — mg рс а - ay я: mrapa nn 
! H inns E mu жы : | iceiendd зад | roying the perennials ; but still, 
^ rj å т in chan 
pies — property, possessed or acquired with a into the grubb ifier, or eultivator by certain im- 
to, and in connection with, productive industry; portant alterations, which are seen partly perfected in 
rd is of three eharacters, as clearly in the intermediate implements—the Staffordshire ог 
case of the farmer. Cambridge Harrow, and the Biddel's Extirpating | gn 
79. The аира material, both live and dead Harrow; in the first there аге, as it were, two of | operaio 
stoek ; as tock, e of cattle, focis of — harrows, вой baving nine teeth, but the teeth are much 
- ss ; Gead stock manure | Jonger, and are curved to л greater extent ; r% addi- | 
and otherwise), -artificial oo, к as e .tionally they are mariel to an extra frame in front, ad 
(hay and straw to be consumed. on. with wheels ; and stilts or handles are ч оне "behind; таат 
sb. The means which the farmer hes. ~ timen by which the workman can somewhat regulate their мр г 
much, and rendering fit for obtaining its money value, depth. In the second we have, however, a much nearer | all spring cultivation, and in many cases when the 
imthe form of implements, &e., as ploughs, harrows, | relation to the true grubber ; Бе teeth, which are nine | rosta ме ndb- dii d till late, the summer’s sun acts as 
1 rollers, drills, &c. in number, placed in rows inch longer, and the, though the whole cóuree of a summer's fallow was had 
>. The developed material, or all ready converted machine is on wheels ; additionally it.ean be raised by о, The land, though тоё only well cleaned 
produce, both as regards live stock, fat cat ttle, and means of levers ; in short, i 1t may be classed as a true ^ when and 
their products of cheese, ence and eem: sheep, cultivator, though certain peculiarities term мидан I2 umb continued th 
d 
i 
4 
ИП 
1 
© 
Hi 
1H 
T 
ilei 
i 
E 
Ў stoc со ог ber, as the autumn, y 
› Oats, чт Peas, Flax, &е., and 2 this — >} scarifier and the Dueie or atte cur rte perde e effectually à partem by tho сона r Fi hus 
ing eharac : i th as regards the ration 
Stacks, arera of me require certain modifications, | quiete the lst they are seven in number, four in | beta gend crop, and the whole s prepara f ahe 
threshing, cleaning, &e., before the farmer ean realine front and five behind, while im the seeond they are ment, the weeds ean be removed anti o 
their money value ; yet, inasmuch as they have been ејһег буе or seven ; but they are mueh more curved 4. best possible 
by productive prena they may be deemed and bave a share at the end. “То be comtinued,) 
Thus the er's stock consists | ù, Mr ut T e Hs 7 Mr E 
Pe ms means of developing | eases of the Biddel's and Uley cultivators e of iron EXTR DONO GARA 
а for| c. They admit of regulating the depth 2 any degree иал. ат TOE IN ROOT CROPS 
is i i eomplex n AMES BUCKMA 
ite 
the 2d by the use of a screw. In fact, fos fere nt (Condudedjrom page 555). — 
certain: price, and realises а profit а much largor description, and y fit Degeneracy 4s. usually а result in n por a 
it at a. higher, as in the ease of the corn work. T ich tl original species 48.6 wild. native. —The soil, — 
rs. at 50s.,and | are анн of шр up land in he a of c wem: situation which are suitable for a plant in the wil — 
us carrying and are tberefore useful in such cases, as tech tuor di Of аге by no means fit for № im cultivation. ; it is on. 
unconnected wi i 
and on | si 
of a frame, and the teeth weed, and give tho best me of desimving(1) | denizens of the wighbethont cester, neither 
distances from. each other. on |. 15, Defne a perennial m жй. "Уу does the (wb ts сап be cultivated twice with us їп the 
made of wood, as тоо en] c3 стор for their | 9^. ident pres ase д a | 
s ; be given to any plant form pand if the seed ——1 
iron, аз all the more| 3. A weed is a term eadeni in itself dt bise uio; erop, er cultivated at home, the evil is вий more 
