38-18541 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
is stretching the. point t to infer that such A re examination, - After the latter period, however, B. Thus b always ^ gren difüeulty expelled E 
_ N 3. p д. admixture " Г 
| true cause of.cutting tbe teeth while in | becomes more and more apparent, and jk 
| „ТЇйв. агоппа might probably ы [> эк! by is a year old, the four centrally- placed md in par- | of other kinds, as tbe origi кш а а 
some.; but when we see the great differences there are | tieular, will be worn rather flat t on their crow These | gradually to diminish with seeding,* and ome or two 5 
in the times of gestation, it appears to me that here is | teet are now beginning to show лала ү eo individuals o i make rapid 
t to account for all the variations we observe, their fangs. These changes are re gulated partly by b dis ше Шыда axe т 
presence of four incisors at birth is, I believe, | system of lx etes the young animal has rece thu 
ihe-rule ; more or less being an exceptional number. | and the kind of food on which it has been kept, M constantly going ‹ on а be 
At.this time, also, the outline of the other teeth, as | partly by the fact width of the lower jaw. these o| 
ready to eut. Ше gum, is distinctly visible beneath the | food has been d and the jaw а wide one, the incisors | observed ; ка =. 
issme. The third pair is usually through by the 12th | will be more flat and the Qm between them greater | years wi 
ог láth day ; but the corner ог fourth pair seldom | than "opea it ai ^d ig duce, but there will be a i 
tes the gum until about the end of the third or| From e pass onths, when, as before | tions of good feeding Grasses as compared with 
beginning of the — week, By the time the calf is | stated, the Afh m hr tooth i is n» up. ura Vas, does | а low standard in this i 
ten a month old the incisors will therefore be | not essentially differ in its shape or dimensions from the | termed 
ourth. Its c eua, n however, at 15 months, at a time | eradicated. How immediately is the Aira cmespitosa, 
"The eight temporary incisors of the calf are in all | that the incisors do not offer any satisfactory evidence | Turfy Hair Grass, or Hassock Grass, killed by draining ; 
respects, excepting size, the eounterparts of the ач of the precise age of М. animal, is a point of some | and on poor uplands the tufts of Brachypodium pinna- 
nent by which they will be sueceeded.. The first ог eyang to an investigator of age. The regularity in the | tum, and sylvaticum, Avena pratensis and the like hard 
i iri of the appe i i tter kinds b; 
arges iods , 
smallest, a gradual decrease taking place from Ше one юре uniform. Тһе fourth, as we have seen, із eut at single dressing of bone-dust and guano, or what is 
to theother. These teeth, by the end of the four al week six months, and the fifth at 15, the sixth follows at two | perhaps more valuable, folding sheep upon а small eme 
from the growth of the maxillary bone, are less crowded  years—an "interval of nine months elapsing between | of such s at a time, feeding dd with Me 
together than when first cut, although ка: аге re etill| each. This gradation is easily remembered, Like the | and Turnips. 
Observed to be partially overlapping each other. Not | fourth molar, this tooth also acquires its full height in| Indeed, such exact indicators are Grasses of all the 
only are the -incisors all up by this time, but the tem- | the jaw about three months from the time of its cutting. | circumstances connected with the nature of r^ а йв 
in thei ay i i ireeted s he | treatment, that I feel convinced careful 
state that they are in number, three | incisor teeth at 18 months. It was shown that at а study of their habits would afford the most valuable 
r and low | year old iud fou middle- 4 — in pertes, lessons the farmer could learn, whilst the land-agent 
temporary mo'ars have many peculiarities, the gave indications of wear, by the of their sharp | and valuer would find the evidence this tribe of plants 
thief of. which must be named, as these teeth likewise edges and та бы flatness of (r^ crowns, By ie capable of yielding, an unerr mg testimony in шашу of 
furnish. important evidence of age during the early 18 months this flatness has considerably increased ; it i pon which he 
| m equ the animal'slife, At birth none of the molars | not now, however, confined to the teeth RE in the Another circumstance in the culti tivation of Grasses im 
ye.eut, the gum, and it is not until the calf is a month | centre of the mouth, ре has extended to all. The jaw {һе separate form and small patehes is the impossibility 
„аќ, they are well developed, Like the incisors, | of the — has also grown wider, thus Ca me on the|of rolling or treading it firmly, without which mo 
thay follow no special order of eruption, but more fre- | spaces between the lao Jh, 50 as to leave not merely | pasture ean continue good., In truth, though we talk of 
quently than otherwise the first in position is the last to | their бар» apart, but likewise their crowns, To com- natural meadow, yet there is no meadow would 
be eut. ..The first and second of the temporary molars | pensate, in part, for their diminished length the teeth p 
in either jaw. do not differ essentially in form from the have likewise risen in their sockets ; and as some of | It is these that keep the Grasses matted together, and 
permanent, by which they are succeeded, If we com- | them are soon to be renewed by the permanent incisors, hay-making and depasturing are both important in 
pare, Md pi teeth of the upper jaw with those | the process of absorption has commenced in their fangs. | maintaining ite condition ; in proof of this I may I 
belonging to t wer, it will be found that the two | These various causes, more or less modified in different | some recent observations United States. . 
snierior ones i in ihe мея are much к = than the |animals, give to the mouth an appearance which is,the native Grasses are scattered im tufts and patehes, 
ormer, still these e points | quickly recognised. To these indications of age have to | much like other herbaceous plants, while ve pasture 
il ъа? 
are of par 
{о Ье named. The third in position of the temporary of their crowns which is exposed being that which is In my own researches into this tribe im America, I 
molars in the lower jaw varies considerably from all | ©оуегей by a thin layer of enamel: tbe existence also made out as many as 80 species of introduced British 
y : 
rs, ав also from its permanent successor. It|of yellowish lines on their wearing surfaces, which indi- Grasses entering into (he pasture, especially of the 
differs likewise as greatly from the fourth in situation, | саќе the outline of the once open pulp cavities ; and the | eem of New York, Pennsylvania, and Olio. — 
the first permanent which is put up, and with which it | discoloured state of E fang, from the action of Ше] 1. The two first species of Grasses on our list were 
‹ ly be eonfounded even їп & 'examina- food and secretions outh mio do wri the Gardener? Chronicle 
tion, if the following particulars are borne ind, It t Бом inued.) і 
is the last of all the Span molars which, as a rule, | У {ее my 
is renewed, and consequen tly throughout t it furnishes NOTES ON EXPERIMENTS IN THE GARDEN 
| рч 
much assistance in determining а question of age. ОЕ Е ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 
the t dpt ESSOR James BuckMAN.— No. VI 10086 v 
main 
having in the hollows 
geog outer side, two smaller portions whi eh àlso ': 
fiseinto asperities or cusps. The latter, when the tooth value 
issomewhat worn down, - both to the strength of its i 
well. as to the irregularity of its grinding 
Js Each of the ae Lec lobes e ise 
tise$ into eus üsps,&n inner and an outer, of which the mat 
cenam et highest. husban A 
Rr particu м to distinguish the third tem- |: M y од Grasses | comprehends the following.* 
porary molar во pues that in examinations of the mouth 3 : ар. Vernal. 
itisquickly recognised. Ву merely bearing in mind that $. Арест pratensis: Men o 
this tooth has three lobes, while both the fourth апаш | 4, pratense ; Meadow Видар 
molars have but two, and =; m it falls it is renewed |+ 5. P ies urale; Wait Barley. 
&tooth similar in size orm to them, we recog- . vena ж j 
- lemem both the number and kind of molars ning mere canere А А qe RS 
which occupy the mouth, It may be added that the “Н s lanatus e ioh: Өг. 
pea this tooth. beautifully sete to its office, for тера is g Ars a mL * didit 
trivinlis A 
ais of ihe correspon ding molar of the upper jaw, . » memoralis; Wood-stalked Grass, 
eetually grind down the food which is rni mer . Festuca pratensis; Meadow Fescue, 
incisors»and molars at about а month completes “ first ы, ан cleared land осепріей solely — which, . 
dentition,” and are now а giv 2 з Sheep's Fescue. the great bulk of the Grass-hay of the country 
addition to them will portant » rubra; Red is made. Here so strong does it grow as, at a slighá 
stafe.án the urtb of teething. When this Bromus erectus; Upright Brome Grass distance, to be capable of being mistaken for a grain 
addition "x — — —— crop, а circumstance which will doubtless explain how. 
takes place, the , Malienm; Italian Rye его] E 
| ber, cannot avail i nor can Triticum caninum ; Fibrous-rooted Couch Grass. it is that the American reaping р an 
Фе said materially to do so up to that period by : жеге originally drilled in сарае sf nting Garas s ра E ME 
wear they gA ve энса ag rear diis price: ges ica orc a ApS raa n i аһа ж Monge cci 
Appearance e young ani r the ew weeding. Since their ori planting, 4 етар е. Timothy | р 
герара of i As have stooled out, and now cover the beds as а matted wbich yields a great nutritious produce ; it ” 
e ENA Hab QU тең e others have made а turf by seeding, whilst CY —CnÀ 
Rs us but a moiety of others still. grow in bu on account meras me. ngu a" 
this Het does mot t contain any | 88 
that 
usually called 
natural order 
4 Ms án "одете e Journals, be 
e nen iidem disci 
— 
em 4 dr i — Par- 
e. Ав regards оа ne of 
was much m by уа Cheshire 
