508 7 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
“Би bring up even а — inch yè subsoil fr 
an acre of land, and these few ounces are increased to а 
hundred tons, when the slight pene will коше deep 
90'-таткз. 
“ Increase by degrees the Aa 
and there will be no fear then for 
СЯ in its natu 
moved and и кста I 
Leine three not yield € its hidden tre ich 
most eae жы sats solu ble, and all but іно 
te the roots of the pla 
Dr. Völcker, of the Agricultarsl аер at лава 
bas shown, that clay o otherwise inert, an ns 
barren, may have its resources s rapidly dorokdok: by 
posure to a high temperature. He fou 
to a dull re 
to10, 12, 18 inches, 
a 
to 10.5 5 per: cent. ; 
ount dimini ed so as to becom Mee 
than it had чч previously. He also found that a. this 
treatment, the quantity of potass that could be extracted 
сЕ тай aimosphere. 
ned, 
тойу ый, Ала if the ieit should lire dissi 
ree rm am 
the versis riti 
properly burnt is ү? onii as w 
pee of v ltural value 
monia, and rendered less soluble 
roved Md that dl 
mechan 
due and 
quickly diminished, 
altogether 
tke atmosphere, and the labour ea 
tm 
a great measure are thro way. 
E cages Mr. Smith aS that by di we I have 
been describing of simply bringing up (the 
ppop ts surface to the i 
„ 
clay 
uently to 
- m until they reach the depth of 
. Smith, * the clay to the 
y d — that is, um M hat |. 
emperature, t e bal lay loses its 
hiph value. The — of - s mineral ingredients i is 
has vanished 
It is less absorbent o of. that principle from 
ань 
clay, ап 
action of the atmosphere, all ч 
the good effects of ебу are secured, and all the evil | i 
Let u 
* The clay becomes pulverised and porous, and in a 
condition to absorb and retain the atmospheric ammonia, 
ош cultural labourer, for nothing сап be a better state 
of things than that an inerease in the labour —— 
нхо е soil sho uld, amongst an overflowing ыг эче 
е to añ increase of produce, equivalen t, at vegeta jn 
value ^ the greater expenditure lavished in obta aining it, 
ook," says Mr. Smitb, “upon this as one of the 
grea i: SE ad vàntages of the scheme I advocate ; that if it 
were carried out, it would enable the farmer willingly to 
find ече and most productive employment for those 
for whom at present, whether oceupied or not, he is 
fo sii to find bread." 
Now the теті secret of Mr. emais success appears | un 
e the care he takes in stirring up the subsoil and 
exposing > as completely as емы. to the action of the 
air and w. 
“ The digg ings; ' he says, * at first are to be as much a 
two spits deep, but the depth is to be measured year after 
20 or 24 
first spit i esi sos з — soil, and upon this 
the еда spit rown, so às to be uppermost of all, 
сен allowing the pee > escam through the entire 
In this manner the is thrown up in ridges, 
which rising higher ре the” inte r crop, tend to shelter 
and protect it. Itis t rred again with the fork in 
the spring;'and is again A after the crop is carrie 
ith the fork and pulveriser, after which it is levelled 
n this respect there is a € contrast 
original one of Jethro 
Tull, m would dissuade us from ever ploughing читан 
: what he calls the — of the land, or, in other words, 
rec 
d | bringing чз the sub-soil. 
Now us байк how far land — = а 
i PN expeeted to supply for 
re эке 
eti 
The о ma iita 
posed of oxygen, hydr ogen, carbon 
The three former are pre ented to. every plant 
sid therefore Sary 
eh -— sumed 
nma. dm элен quantities in the , сап 
i 
s, then, inqu 
the soil would be likely to furnish the nitrogen which is 
H 
Р | as the average amount of rain which falls upon an aere of 
sive = clay will P gr ute is not less than 5,096,520 lbs., no less than 166 
suffice for the « igging of the cM acute the gem нуу a ae: i ie те into тже De ve жет р 
substances being alr ady om" the ace, no double r do not find that this is anywhere оду ‘alismo 
digging search for them from;bel У 
07 seam + ln), ^ pe Smith. adds, ide re qu we „pres — by the above-mentioned 
| . is orward by hi ti 
& which is strictly ss cm there is now com ing up hypotetaly 7 whilst азары ihe got end 
2 Mes ipte; 10 ^ он Wheat, the c — experiments of Boussin gault seem to show, that the 
i^ Dg ven lieavier in appearance than bens quantity present in vin. water is l grain to 33 
on gravelly loam. The subsoil here is verhis 
water- -tight tanks I have but 
е rad feat is 
d the. 
el very soils. which are 
yellow clay of good quality, so tenacious, indeed, that in 
Кее liquid-holdin 
done. Whei 
expensive work in the o ч тыб 
pct expressly suited for the scheme I Tay, а opose, 
1641 ZI 
- would be imparted to an а оѓ ound in а | Мог receiving originally as а gift, 
MET cialis dat atat i di ы ны ds ЕИ раар menle dece 
e эӊ to add us amount at а "times floati } T 
'had to:ho conveyed маде то Д -— те: е | in the енисе. ртом wiülbe-sbecsbad in iniu oe poor country. If landlords, therefore, 
GR E E 5 аланы а 18 less abundance — g tothe nature of the soil, an veris ы th 4 sn it lear 
= Wmo 715 nas A | here we must undoubtedly look for the advantage which темин edes ОНГА." 74 
осии qae a potes full ero ч Жк] буе чай | certain soils derive from a careful subdivision m, nordin Criss us a y question 
growing at » D »|to Mr. Smith's practice. Т indee вау РОО Така Лагода. рт 
it: the common accompaniment of а fallow—the paani - the atmosphere. ? exceedingly small, bur M фе most аот M А 
л DN ios + | nev course о ar the quantity of ai e ныгыт * 
omy of нате А i en which is brought into contact with the soil is so enor. | 21е diminuti. the agricultural P 
ween the receipts and the expenditure, the менее ty of imagining the remaining | аме еш of avri Я fi үз ducting ge 
м | given by the a TM N ^ бй to be thus absorbed Lora pats ch lessened. proceeds of agricul ups e farmer п 
bndisg the uthor ы, sk = We know indeed from es’ periments, lowate ef profit оне т 
| lun of the ploug ahy оода — that the Turnip crop, in eroe X its M^ AERE Weaves for Ше mies ique ni neration by 0 3 i 
Jess t 7. 0s. ба the Wnet уона d ings ing leaves, can dis with ammoniacal ure ; апа capital sunk from ge neration 2 о Ба й "m PT 
өзүнү, үөү узунан we аге therefore, бесе Eag to conjecture, that a hod ai that I am e Y ealeulations e 
are the items by which thi this тель result is made ош. putes eese tige temer em ou 
x rune, es 3 £ А А ы we e ind such а dise M. Ville E to TENDIT d 204-4 
; with fork 3 е QUEE tents the unt of ammonia in the atmosphere and 
g, thrashing, ei ould ev 
x tac Decir! # Ө TM. ene in аа Апп, de Ch fo 
of Seed (5s, per bushel) .. |... .. 02 6 — the same proportion, v viz. 0008144 gr. F per kigrainmg of fos soluble / 
| Р ёч 
Im ..£413 6 E HD following Sibtemenis are given of the proporti "nia Y XD s s 
2 frt onia in air. The enormous discrepancies show that к ammonia 
T bil 2 tul of Whxet ый». pra). $:39:9 dependence can be placed on any :—1,000,000 ki mmes of air, 
m M ewt: of straw (at 21. per ton) get teet according to Grüger, a chemist of M ulhausen, contain 0.333 kilog, 
" of ammonia ; to Kemp, an Irish chemist, 3,880 ki к 
y Po — to Fresenius 0.098 by day, and 0.169 by night; whilst 
19 © recent ents of M. Ville, which appear to baye been 
Meer with gi great care, and «^n the aid of a most elaborate 
о в ; the average was no more th ч ‘he men in 1,00€ 000 kilos. [р Moenia 
w or e uu ab E in Е 0,000,000; 0210 t01. Thus the |f 
mode P-| — 1n 1,000,000 parts— rer 
beds s =ч ammonía 
- 01690 by night 
8 
n, therefore, I have 
. heavy. loams , and dari. 
the hardest and 
gallo nin pump wate 
а. with animal impurities, not more than 1 grain to 
2 t would be т which is only half the quan- 
pe y Liebig. 
gard to mend water, 1 grain of ammonia 
5 Ба or 40 lbs., was the pro portion. е 
- 
inches. The ^e 
namely, i is there 
that this — “although | й 
mosphere à 
y be woman by plants from the ammonia brought in a farm, and 
еа 
тав thi s supposition | 52 
sed. If|? 
n which to рго-| © 
eed. Liebig’ E НООТУ baa has been танда in yit that 
— үн of rain water contains one quarter of a — of Bes 
leaves of а ve etable, m 
Miet poa to 5. into 'с эз Ar Li Ше air abundan 
pare а in quantit rcs 
ense q ity peces to supply the y d 
so, the original dictum f 
нір ней о Memes 
prineiple ; although the ill succe 
framed v upon thi psr Meda 
to the risk we run of failure 
general ms i 
knowledge e bearin 
Which has 
Incorrect į їп 
mption. affords a t MN 
ing i 
асны the epidermis of the straw.* 
(To be concluded. next week.) 
—————————— 
Home Correspondence, 
On Farm Ваар А ws discussed 
j^ On the best and most 
arm. ings, w 
commended to Landed p » nid сш De м 
the only resolution аё whie seemed possible {o 
ive ; namely, that r^ eiu, ч the buildings must 
doe. upon the varied circumstances of farms, But 
in e 
lately at 
ould be economical andlord t 
bie y of farms ? Sayi йм Һе eua wr 
or worn out, will it t pay h to replace ? In 
Фе economical question К ex the landlord agp is the 
e can be at to secure himself 
vided for. 
ut pe including fencing Ul 
sut. w forth of say 100. 
ive a building per iae e of 71. pel 
paid as rent by the agr ar 
irectly from {һе farm Жы 
it is on this theor E that cottages for farm 
orded at all, 
pus 
apital in eottages. 
тен outlays at р 
a su sd AE ALS averne s arm, 
110 a 11. per acre, about bs. 
acre sai ba ане al | the зе receives as 
On many farms s that'acreage the whole 
amount to the sum of 77l., and ие sunk 
r words, th 
7. 0.0980 by da; 
emm 
rent d 4 
A А 
Ee 
[Dzc. 23, 
: 
