Feonvany 29, 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 179 
sulphates, ‘key “may be applied as especial manures tofof all the minerals in some of their —— in Ab great source of increased cost is owing to working the 
especial a known by an analysis o of the kind of|the gaseous form, often discernible by the sen The following 
| t and of the soil; but of the latter with no|smell, though not disco di in a Beeren. by y | is a specimen of the "id memoranda, partly, no doubt, 
: great "^ as the mineral may tut pa the soil in | ordinary che mi cal test The deep deposits of Peat f this 
a condition or combination that the plant cannot | Moss, 50 feet thick , often covered X - : 
absorb it. Hitherto the empiric mode, that is actual | with bog-iron ore, I think Lar pend ie Moss | NH pe Be moving tn a Tong time to-day, consequent 
trial and. general experience of the effect, have proved accumulates in places which do not receive ae piene (ploughed 2 hours). Nov. SL The loser MN 
1 e best guide. In fact, the science of the chemist 1 other Gomis, mi b Hs "Ns the atm well, bat owing Freg Node nl en ene T = pond 
- gone little to forward agriculture. The production and apher ere "ib is rather difficu say from whence the | Se spt an hour lost ‘ton ra de mar lien hy ra see E rope o NE 
: application of small manures has been chiefly empirical, | minerals are derived. it d tardi] possible that the | plough doa. The rope slipped off the M - got 
and even the use of these, as generally employed, of | minerals of the Moss deposit rise from the pregna, hein een the spring s and the chain (ploughed 5 hours). Nov. 22. 
doubtful ultimate utility. | d solved in water, by capillary c rite as the course | t; tod inenen, end id m the reckines le TOET a, th pred 
. An accumulated vegetable mould, consisting of | of water is rather to descend in the Moss. a s “4 alo ^ which m ade it difficult to keep it in its 
ihe remains of former rvan and iid earth. i A doro of the necessary heat, light, and other ain was falling, and made the land vel slipp ery, 
The accumulati: ion of vegetatie mould tor existing has sipaan or impa ien A a sun’s rays, A c We: ware obliged to stop a 12 x "clock, T ib continued. jo Xu rain 
been going on for unknown perio: ver since the able exposure to the "m seems MF ar UE e handles an ne f p Sal or pp recu We dip 
t configuration of the earth’s saree, that is, i pta: land cribro zi animals, It issaid that | broke a share. We were delayed putting out the headland 
Where t has not been washed away by water or| mothers, passing much of their timei in in the dark casements | rope for the engine, as it got too - for Hitt ERE 
qe culturo, pe though E ve of fortresses, have often children with malformation, fo onghpd: £ honea); Aon, 29, :Ow cop: lopa. ip She 
e w yea d nk ade of li 
exhausted b gld we bad we the ade th hor fro; 
formation it can - à : he s. | as if there was a disposition to sink in the grade of life. wing it in fro fe “and pot PII ies pit from potty 
: * : ov. 25. — 
fertile land in the eastern States of North America, | from a greater amount of bottom heat, s ing v ` Roi bi 
| denuded of the vegetable mould by aëration, shows may have greatly abounded, veiling anra earth with a a | fn ie time nma TERR broka a ghiro; Ae ga ti 
that it is pre-eminently the food of plants. ri d from much of the sun’s rays— | engine quite back in its place, as the linch-pin belonging to 
may be defined th ie only yege eta’ ble ld-dest gil the earth only fitted to a lower fauna. I have | the hind wheel broke, We f found the spring of one of the little 
organism, h ft hee of a consider: able i inerease i 
Yet he does this in ignorance, that without a tie of the sun’s («A pure na divided, by means of In these five days 10} acres were re ok in 223 
mcald, neither man nor the. higher r animals could haye | reflectors, &c., upon ve ptables be jme: as a means | hours, 27. 1s. 44d. was paid in wages, 2 tons of coal were 
wheels that keep the rope in the clip drum broken." 
i p o endea l . . 55. W 
| 8d. Water is Y Qe vi» st necessity to organic fife, i: voured to get the la te; Mr. “McNab, “of le. Experimental charged for “nape ping m The tatal "E was thus 
| the chief component, as holding, assisted by an — ie burgh, to experiment upon Si. 12s., or 17s. This, s plain, was not a 
of the constituents of vegetables in 12 as It resting to mark the diferent types o of life eh Das operation, en fire - s attributable to some 
| floating the molecules in their vital courses, and in which Eon in be wi lideres. from. the Polar to the | extent, no doubt, to the chara of the work, and to 
enting the organism from withering under the the weather of c week, ut i i was in ‘the t main owing 
ing atmosphere and sun exhalation. River water, of the suns rays eaunee hóat. - This gradual vhange to the shortness of winter day 
skilfully employed in irrigation under sufficient though the paani qs of latitude, from the coe hands employed. 
perature, with euch help as it receives from the soil, | hyperborean Mos chens, Grasses, Willows, Pines, apparatus commenced work again in 1862 on a 
porca e LÀ without manure all the nutriment re- us EUN to the Palos, Cacti, Mim pisi Lianas of the RENTS ring farm on Feb, 14, and made better work 
quired by plants. Water constitutes about — fonttiin es,—the whole series show how strongly circum- | than any qnem quoi, doing 15 acres in three days. 
of plants. In the field s of natur re, water well as air | stances have operated dim a riean! life: Patrick My y soon, however, we come upon another illustration 
| Matthew, Gourdie Hall, Feb. 1, 1864. f the E which its promoters incur, especial] 
ZS, 
jn both elements rising from the lowest for -— 
| mammals, In Le some simis the Water Econ | 
cor paas a e day, roads dry; trav pio to 
ists salts f ioc of field the forewheel caught on post, 
swingin, round broke one of the dises that Led thee rope 
A WEEK UPON cod COTTESWOLDS. 
Pre: 
with leave an 
against the clip drum. After much trouble and sticking got 
tly tera eb to the p fferent element.| STEAM drm tin ee ROYAL AGRICULTURAL | e? position dati. plough at 2 
aire and commenced to ;p.Ms Read $00 
Some animals have also a power of adaptation to either COLLEGE e: apparatus has been | stopped, as the anchor would not work. I pin had broken. 
element. ‘This affords a most striking fact in support | employed T cep since — 9 1861, Including a tinned more or Tess for o bob 71 Fy ee 
of liue: velopment theory. The Ivy leaf. 10-horse power engine, plough, water cart, ropes, &c., | menced work, but land too wet. Rain at night, and on Satur- 
9n a wall or Singing to any thing, from | it cost 8407. upon the farm, A cultiv: ator has since) been day it was worse; stopped again until the 14th, when it began 
‘what àt is on a self-su rted Ivy br anch, affo rds | purch ased, at a cost of 752, The to work pretty w 
of ada im, beginning wi Eh «90 EYRE ploughed This pretty vet AL i risks and disappoint- 
trees of dif t grow this beinir pine eh | in 804 hours during 43 da py early in October, 1861, | ments to which s n is liable: The whole 
wae ae ose leaves like our | with a consumption of 2 tons of coal, and at a cost of | of the work in 1869 i is thus metn in the Agricul- 
from the seed with 
Acacias, as the he got older the pam ate leaf did âh 2s. for labour, 4s. 6d. for oil, and 4l. for wear and | tural rcs No. 19, of 1863 :—* 240 acres ploughed 
mde io expand, Beis abortive attempt was often | tear (an item charged at the rate of 12. per die aid, 1047. 11s. 2d. 
“Teafrstalk spread The s enditure was er imn al ind rope, oo 
to a large ta, but 9 por leaf, with this olini th at n 8, or 8s. 6d. EL AX includi ear and tear. Total cost about ‘or rainy This is exclusive 
fie lewis have both sides the same, erally | The next memorandum is “21 acres ploughed in 4 days” | of annual sinking fund or interest of capital. An 
to is Box including the moving of the apparatus), at a ene of | average performance of about 5 acres E 2d during 1862 
4th. Parity of atmosphe ere. This i is mario in our . per acre, or 7s. 7d. including wear and tear, | was, however, a great improvement upon the average 
climate to the families of plants which supply food to These Ha fields were worked with the aid of | gp experience of the prev ious autumn and intr; when short 
man and to the hi gher animals. A dank still atmos- | hands m Leeds uring the following five days| days and inexperience mace work both slow and costlv. 
abounding in pid Aa A is only suited to upon a neighbouring farm only 11 acres were plou had Of the performance in the spring of 1868 there is no 
tower order of v. oe Cing ci), Moth: i n 39 hours, at a eost of 5s. 2d. per acre Pra record. Since the 18th of August, — the date on 
: hé with wear and — i di ey ich the new ma 
notw: re | whi agem 
l i c arc Te provided. nd now we rend for the first time of|apparatus has been at. work pretty snail up till 
| ud destroyed by bes e parasites. | accident—ancho “ying LN hee “the result of 11, as follows :— 
larger Fungi are prodneed where putrescence is in | misman eee marr s, including removals 
fe ne and taint u Papa with unwholesome during these EU mnm m 
| m rot (Merulius lachrymans), in 76 ped an 
agement and inexperience, On the ga ame farm 
another 1l-acre feld took 40 hours during six days, 
d costing 97; 
Bria D 
Murphers contains probably suing qunthy AT Y 
es pth 
Vistula t 
f 
l 
| 
E ‘ain Mem te ee geome mo 
: 
Yom Liebig will allow me, as an xe 
kara the Watel 
own fo I will Xr. ^s 
*honeand 
CET pem pnempüns of 13: tone 8 owt, of conl and 2 gallons 
The Mor 8, sion ver, fairly con: + . It was 5-inch work. There were five 
tinuous wi consideri: TE ; sa i I for ear, Mr. 
el acres P ant LE 224 pours in five dm inetud: Deret charged 12s. an acre for this work. 5 cited 
ind a removal, SI. — e 175. done at cher a ^ core day, with a c 
14 acres icri aie in 29 n five d deja 5 al coa aere, 
117 0s. 10d., or about 16s. an acre "eH acres mae At Mr. dhn SI a even days the reru 
in 29 hours TE five days, for 9L. 13s 13s. 10d, or about 10s. | was at work during 58 hours, ont it turned over 27 acres 
procured | AN acre; an "t red n 265 seta on five| during thab time . 16s. 6d. our, 
Pets er, on | days for 87. 2s. ere. s was during | and with a consumption of 43 $ 
en eS e Hartz PU e| s the ae week of 1t 1561, the engine basil "ats employed | of oil, It was ger 
re f Liebigz and blin fol during every w eck of the last three months of the 11 and 12 inches 
E ME Ww his Leon ae vM ght Sr ot n 48 days, various depths 187 acres A, dhup 
d fir b ng 
ie prepare puro minerals for the food of 
nance, mend y 
ALIUuUusS 
at a "Ka including tear and Mee of boat 84L, or 
Lawrence is charged 17s. an gere or 
athou done t 
14s. 6d. per acre. I. following are the remar ks of, at the rate of rather less 
the superintendent gn he autum i work :— a consum ol 
On the College F: 
Pa ed be — e dy nature o iat M gm e Pos 
: en encoun from s 
the subsoil, The want of uni lept] soil, even in Tovel with rm plough, 57 
fields, will alw vir bea Pera] Wapedipent to cultivation by with the cultivat 
aandag he Cotswolds. Am a fer! - m" of ot delay ^i A " — lal hy gh 
H of sufficient ms 7 cwt: of coal, 1 : u.c 
orotect ues parts of T ; m vn smashed : | included fields of very various texture—light, shallow 
vegetable ould} ! the chain 5 , and deep clay— : a iche 
— d , the di 
à orum: Me Y^ — rhe. cpm ur dr cultivator worked 5 an 
b me conciusion H 
€ d, or i d A T2 hc 11 removes—42 arg 
of plants be chemically p [EE roared by | wo Li Eg TUE we, may ums coal kzi ud Bower Sr 4 d ise College Farm is charged 10s. an acre 
ci ould resu | the whi 23 
On this it a — fa mri — 
einen died 
st he faults ie filets ont wn ei sa is s. 6d. for coals, 401. ipi for abour, 31. 8s. 
to renee that "pm "dying out of the t a foil, 5i. for blacksmitb, 3L roken Attings, 
in general {of mismanagement; and that one Be ag APR Es od. fecta octgotngs, being at the 
