84 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [asvany 25, 155 | 
n x ra Rope 
This change in the relative value of pra 
telling WHEAT ON A FEN FARM. 
the value ising t the [The foll : d cost of labour per acre 
different descriptions of gm ce; € while pog on the whole rs l 
mountain pastures, grazing land, and far Ub wok. P ID: 
convertible state of Eoi — ed to the gus wth | E E Puit Sold Wade | “Wages. pe 
ead o Year. Commenced. | Cutting. | Per Acre.| Per Quarter. | Per Acre. excepting Per Acre 
WEM s sip gine xh Har all Arable, 
Min can hardly be bel to rider Be or Wheat d £ 
growing farms as they fall out of lease, at the s 1889 PR £ qrs. bus. B asd be £m bis » d. 
rents which they are now paying g, even where consider- T Te 5,19 11 4 1 G A 
TIAL sar ai w M i t 1 : a: ri : : 
of suitable and substantial build- 182..  .. » 12 n 11 
ings. It peris matter of anxio ous inqui ry h w such ron qu fat x = 3 ^ i 1! 12 Y) 
a is t aken 1845 E , 98 | 10 9j j n 12 
order to maintain their r value, and to obtain com- 1846 mu. Tus My 13 24 1 7 Le : 
ITO ^w 5 18 
pensation aie the exem P aad in them. ecd vice lud aee d by js 9 12 2% 4 121 2 i 1 
description of land should be Isid a away for Permanent ee uer 2 "bs i 1 ^ 10 5 
pasture. To this ere are obv. vio us obje ections. Such a 1851 er 3 718 10 9i 1 1 10 8 
e gre ect tte! g the first ss in doing Pr $ . » 9 13 1 : ; i A n 
so effectually, the gre o uccess from the nu STAT 2 M. a n à y i 15 18 1 
fitness and intractable nature of the soil, and the 1855 ZR 3122 10 7i i 1 15 16 
ssity h exists a ient and nutritious 1856 Pape SES 17 5j ; 1 161 15 19 
supply of food for live stock in mere as well as in PERE: smod paie Mo n ) H cogn Sene 1 
summer, which ae such a course would be found want- 1850 5. . (29 | Aaa 1 18 p UA 12 10 7 
ing. ^ admit the benefit of having a good 1860 BUE EX 7 12 94 * 12 1 6 
proportion of old Grass land in all farms of that — 1861 . e 518 n H 17 6 15 7 12 n 
tion, 1862 . 544 12 2 6 11 1 12 i0 
wanted. To do this with any hope of a satisfactory 24 i 304 4 | 116 2 6013 S | 293 510 | 266 6 3412 8 
result, ie is is "desinis that the land be well prepared, | eii a 
cleaned from all Couch and we eeds, pulve rise ed by a | Average August 11 12 8 4 210 7 129 4 44 | 12 0 11 5 | 
(nothing is more conducive to. a good take of small * Barely. 
M bs 2 » T nee open state, with a good mixture of wer | A HR : 
i nd of soil, and without acorn ;| eti AND ein MILK PANS. decided influence on the yield of butter, The E 
thodi i, if the” soil will admit of sheep folding, a athin| Is a paper which I lately submitted pons milki 
vim of Rap d or Barley chon qué Grad seeds | Cork Agrenlturl Bociety—on deep and shallow w pans. seven experiments, four quarts in “four, eight 
may be allowed, to be eaten down in autumn before | The experiments were conducted on wp an Tees quarts in one experiment, In deep pans the quantity 
frost comes on and while the land is in a dry state, In| which appe eared in your Paper some time ago. It m ilk commenced at four quarts and by gradi 
the second year it should be stocked with ea as , interesting to your readers. D. Cunningham, reached up to 16 quarts. The per centage of incra 
light cattle, which keep down the strong Grasses unster Farm, in the shallow p. heus very little, if any, wla 
ed by the sheep, and havea erani " Tt be recollected that I us the ee Mg dins glass vessels xh e mpared RE "e e del. 
p the ground and overgrow the finer plants, if left | mg before you in F ring Se paper on the various tinned iron eart thenva b 
luxuriate, Then in the third or fourth year, when | kinds of vessels employed in tho E IT wh hich was Macs were cee with c vot Me dita 
" en 
off, a manuring of guano mixed with may 
applied early in spring, and a dose of nitrate 
Dye mel ty € he One cwt. of nitrate ^ 
lt per aere, sown in rain, w 
tend zie Mes iof ethe plants, eed d to pui to put 
out fresh M as Missis shoot out a large 
as maitre | 
can isis Veturia d tbe 
pic thetock. "nthe way a a of good pasture | 
portion 
ere itis de 
Münster hool F: 
The 
of the 
4 
entire 
per cent. 
of the shallow 
arises : 
pans. 
butter than deep ones, ranging from 1 per cen 
The average increase is 3 per cent. in Pe 
e. 
p 
Will it be desirable to vea our dies 
more than twice their present size, t 
times the org ol of milk vessels, ap a 
an increase of la expense 
per cent. of butter P There can, However be M 
to ft 
o purchase 
order to gull 
obtained h ficient of it, | to be the T t economi The facility with which 
which will-tend pan E its profitable occupation. they can ashe f and d uu re wis the cost | that where Aad Be cig ows are kept it will be ad 
till the rema which forms | of labour by at] ast 100 per s hs a en aoe to use shallow p i 
de t difficult my dar ils are to be| gave the Ganhe: ‘quantity 0 utter, and its qualit l 
te to sdvstigó with low prices for Wheat? It | was inferior to that from milk set in glass vessels. It is Dies aso ae ae 
unnecessary at this day to refer to the great essential | almost impossible, owing to naturally po 4 $3 lo 18 8 
of thorough and ual draining fas the first and nature of the wood, to keep the wood n keelers properly E $ lo jä 1 E 
indispensable step, But even after being drained, land | clean and free from acidity, and without which In $88 |sg|8RS: H 
a strong and tenacious quality often sustains great | scarcely remar! well tasted butter cannot be Soju [eels g 5 
injury from being ploughed in too damp a state, which | obtained. In the same paper I mentioned that many MILK VESSELS. weld lusla gi 
can hardly be at all ti avoided e the an persons entertained the opinion | that shallow pans or MM m EF 5 
work of the farm is to be performed by such a number FEM BI & A } 
of horses as idered to be adequate to it, or as it | ones did, d I instanced an experiment which w 82 28/2233|: d 
is deemed advisable to keep. But besides that, ed published in the agricultural papers. The Nrigrdbin esr calm Bo 
constant passing over the land with the e of t as thus set forth :— —|—|— í 
horses’ feet in the furrow creates a kind of fi rm band ve tiple rg sae amen fom alz|iszif 
beneath the loose soil, at once 2: ie fo ” A 2 4|8 8/8 
of plants the water and air, iud ^ » K = : i 8 » Él&8léejójó 
nof only reducing the depth of soil by which plants 5 a 5 gevu ptt 
t also deteriorating the quality of what is} “Wit of ascertaini ing "whether ties would No. hows s gre 
left for them to operate upon. Many experiments have | be any difference - in the per centage of butter from| Ex ment; English ware.| 4 | 24 | 3 
proved that the roots of Wheat and other grains will | milk set i and shallow pans, I instituted some Spi 5. posé aep Fas | Bp ow ae 
etrate for several bun wards in search of'| experiments in the school farm dairy, and I now beg to Glas i le la 8 
nourishment, and many of us have seen that the roots submit the results, , In the months of f July and August Do De disi 
of Rape and Turnips have pene etrated into newly made Experiment, Tinned Iro: Je |14| 3 
drains at the depth xi three or four feet, to their great | but failed in consequence of the very high temperature Do. “| 2 | 2 | 5|T 
injury. ayer etrable band then under the|in those months. It was indeed found to be almost Ciis Voságla T 
furrow, cannot io be imental. This might | impossible to make butter during ered months, even No. 3 Do. Do .| 2 |9$|.6 
be in som ri by trench or subsoil | with the use of ice emperature of MT aig |Delph Do. ..| 3 | 12] 3 
loughing, but I fear nothing will obviate the evil of | the milk. Pe | Do. Do ..|2 | 24] 6 
aby feet, such soils a deep | “I bad to carry out this experiment at that Giuescmde ls lal s. 
tivation, of doing the work by , a8 the cows were then fed solely on Grass, T Do Do...| 2 |34] 8 
steam. Few farms are, in their present state, as to the | was, however, during the month of September the Experiment WoodenDo...| 1 | 1| 8 
and the cows were then getting Do. Do...|1 | 34 | 16 
fit for te prete of the steam plough and culti- | a small quantity of dn el leaves in addition to Grass. PE 
armers are inca ined of it; but no} The milk was measu eta skimmed, and churned under| p LER De DW i nar 
one Py Perd that its advantages in clay soils an my o ision, I have tabulated the experiments, yee Wooden Do. ..| 1 i 
b Ji Not t only i ini its greatly superior cultiva- giving the kinds of vessels used, the depth of milk an Bo D teas E 
tet 
land when i - a fit state for Miei whereas horses are 
required to 
ork almost constan 
y tok with the 
ta of thé tee ding 
s, the ocenpiors and the 
Voelcker, 
increased, to the general rape 
e public. 
ers 
fully ms that both im 
pretest "and winter the 
materials of which. saith: Heaths vessels are 
composed have 
ve 
. The experiments | 
seen daily in the Cork Butt 
a| portion of the butter 
“On reading an Vp xot prd 
in the 
yal 
vi th irons 
h from 
re, the result of 
go 
