Max 7, 1864.] 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
rem 
asi speaking tru mpet was = 
f wine 
e Wilderness blossom th 
inted at me, adding, still in rrr d app itself. I annex some 
of w 
443 
membered voice roared a morning salutation, as if | It is in the long winter evenings that the necessity for | of a field — was hehe sown of Turnips, these 
these 
ded 
| Turni 
the 
K sat 
Rose, e 
like 
b added the rider coming nearer,|so much 
and looking into the trench, *laying a foundation iere 
ied ere. obvious. Int 
The 
tates the agri er el ae ahi has 
hom nourishment, as 
oun in the groun 
nd thro 
Z never ed to attain ied | which their reu extended, is t they wap instinctively 
ht i 
, 
to have thoug nnecessary ur au store of 
f 
orm a wo ision supply fe 
* not rabbits : 
trees don't zm i choo 
a 
perbaps ! " eceived 4s. 2d. per as wages, et ipei — | rations the Taine of reproduction I don ot attribute the hy 
“Yes! i eap aA rfe N or lodg ging. „Wheat, Ma aize, and m sell i | fe e old dry the 
s 
d Hebrew at h at home, Plone rire tell me what | and ality 6s. per componente of the walls, and inde Roe “Ait suited for 
you are making.” day, or three times the amount aid i in maybe Wi 
“A Plantation." see, ab Mr , that he is under no need to send his| | We old farmers A Witt ies the great fertilising 
“I don't see any children at a very age e jarit and MÀ à Soils. 
appear to m 
“Well, ah! 4 yov re right” he teipio n má Mrs States that while 
they die in them — 
Feah? 
any rate 
least, let me T itae them, and strike tiem ny d protect fort 
them as carefully as I will. 
nem "Oak, ai ‘Ach, to 
Ol: ho, ho pur Palm 
" shouted he in a sort of oulado "of Tangier 
ere E know t he land— 
ted 'e 
ready ya pn 
‘filled them up '—like Morgiana 
“Well, ni were e planted i in holes certainly : 
1l me, wh 
a je ask me! I have learnt the 
you. You 'tubbed them, 
e tub of vy to each; and they died—— 
eed: ! and you know who has said, 
or gun €! FTU f al. 4, $ } 
or Us a — t is uet 
expensive work, 
** Ah, well! but t ing i after TE 
v I especially i in dh: a vial te tis! ? replied he, after a (120,000 publie scl 
yourp 
pia educa’ 
and Spur Fir, for nurses, with | Jandov 
an 
Ab, in holes, pd: rater rlogged ; each in | E pude ng man's cou 
his a ^5 like p Forty Thieves ; and then you 
o 
ingi matter. 
Our Scotch friends have always been before 
to the law i i 
is highly creditable to the people of the United | tha 
„they HAA oem strongest possible 
x themselves fr sti 
g E 
effete e or Feier vie a matter into acti ‘act 
chemically upon minerals so as to render both ^ for 
eel by iail, in other words, Ede ed, and 
e to a school. Hen 
southern use of Sco 
+} 
see by 
nad, befor | tio 
ole ke rupture, 1000 million Y: james or imd: sn 4 dispose 80 bot to he 
f. area about cla 
"auda a is evidently the 
Our Uni 
um America for the 
ment of schools 
)e gees States 
schools ool lib rar ries 
ua ad rid 
endow millions of acres al 
Why | near ir equal to the n) available e of Great Brita m the 
had in 1850 n eA 90,000 public | iot with nitrogen fro 
_we 
he soil to absorb a large quantity of air 
us in in m rica State of combination, very favourable 
e her itor ur also of loose 
nee our | li | potash existed i the soil, combining with that alkali 
psa nren one of the ve > 
an example of this the writer once 
Ver in February over a pongan feld 0 of 
alluvial the man vend Ho out the 
cany witha shovel did not h 
je t, leaving the ground what we call stepped, "ik 
md brown alternately. In about three wee 
formation of — the potash of t 
a few weeks more ( 
in | eon lodi] iain 4,000, of vo. ii. e white portion became gree 
| the principal Stat ave school fonds amoun ting to |! from the braird and strong growth of wild Mustard 
E aed: 0007. The annual school expenditure in the | (Sina napis nigra), whi a the interstices without soot 
gle State of New York was for gi 768,544. The | remained b as first, the natural colour of the 
Gor rnment expenditure for the whole kingdom of | soil, me bra ird of Mustard on these spaces being so 
Great Britain in 1856 was only 423, 533 2, puny a t to be visible at a little distance. 
It is esti that at the present time there are | So Fette. were they visible that it would seem the nitre 
100ls, academies, and colle af in the ha d (stimula ite d the seeds mmt in the soil to 
ments’ silence ; but Is atch how “4 United States, at which 5,000,000 oF the whole pula- In Suite ure of Turnips, 
sewers and if your trees grow better than mine d (about 1-in 5 of the Population), 4 |B Bee Potten, by drill DEN p repeated stirring 
ferm ex E s meaning e checked the half | din. annual publie cost of less than ll. per of the e soil, the effect in genera- 
red p ow often has such a smile, and follow nitre, though a a ad egree to bare fallow. 
the aught “that suggested and sagoi ests it, passed Pi schools ^ £0 2 0 per: head n certain soils the summer fallowing under 
betw and m If your Wheat-crop was ill Academies usual round of ploughing and working, rendered the 
planted. ear you y sow it better next, —and lleges Independeteot privüto à 1,15 0 0 ground very friable and loose is was found to be 
next,—an But an error in the husbandry of a : nsuited for the autumn-sown Wheat, the loose soil 
the crop that counts its growth by decades and by In 1850 there w Y imbibed and held too 1i water du uring the winter, 
nturies! Surely it orth the discounting before- | piros im ae and the water in freezing, generally took a crystalline 
and, by a little study of that underground life which ise FRA | open arrangement termed honeycombed, At the com- 
the roots of the Forest will be living, long pes EC EM NR, SNR 120,000. mencement of the frost the stem of the plant at the- 
hand tbat planted id is even with their pasturage, as The schools in the States are very r opene e soil, and thus fixed,’the 
they wander m— through the = tracks and | «ove than half thé e year, owing to the senreity of Sp labour, | great enlargement by ne = “the so cmn 
cleavage of the Y soil onde uppermoss which, the Those who Miers ample Statistics of American educa- but above the primary root, w up the 
its once for- all ec tion compared wit the gd al | ti MÀ tie stem a d ie ver 
r all executi SE § surface. A re etition "e the frost thus accomplished 
preparation for an * Anu of 1 eaving the em | the British pesos J. J. Mechi. th; ctbpleta gr voL sor i plants, laying Pp them 
to deal with the NAE n mysteries of * Mot the eae ut 56 0, 
stone and C aplash ', and struggle for years in va ‘at E VEGET ASHE MOUL fallowed land thus liable to throw the. Wheat, imme- 
the ten which the spade can do for them ina toe ARA of clayey doin former "Tam was carried | diatel I made a half-loaded be 
unerated hours. 7. out more effectually than it now i Abou t 65 years | driven along the ridges, beginning at one side and 
: ago, when a boy, t nl with my irme Pe each turn al 9 inches, thus pressing 
an old = Heini I heard them conversin ground twice with tbe wheels and kneading it with 
TES FARM LE DOVE EES heavy labour under the - Patin of dyking s. The last offside rut of the wheel left the 
I wave] t be done | summer fallo he Gowrie (an old lacus- | ground to look almost as if it had loughed, and 
without ded tools, and these SET in good condition. | trine mud), that is forming the soil t$ low walls or | it took about the same time thus to kneed it as to 
E E with our labourers. The Almi ighty gives mind, | high drills, a wor rk w the | plough, but it proved effectual, perhaps the ivo and 
only. vé example and educa ve In speaking | the n of A ius soil ever 
minds i in men are like the natural fields | agriculture. | with my father about it a my impression | adopted, e 20 ni fluting 
e is every degree of fertility, ta they i all 
Ad Vois weeds unless cultivated and cared fo; 
ere can be n ee that education has b 
hat t 
mtn tthe whole Wir fado. Ai far €: was thrown 
p into these dykes, and after be eing exposed to 
winter frost and su e drought and well aérated, 
| thro rown down by the plough and — = "d i ate ed 
afterw: 
| een roller, taking in "abut a yan ot breadth, was 
troduced, MM expeditious, but effect tud m 
Mie ground. Of course after the Minn pressing, "di 
as much berti was used as covered the seed, and 
ai eme and Ji uly ts for’ the 
the 
ne nations, I speak now of t e| dyk r In Se otland, sowin ng the Wheat when the ground is 
ed n, for it cannot be denied that our | as a ets ation, say every 4 or 5 feet separ: th moist and late in the autum n prevents throwing 
‘farm labourers’ children are very early instructed in the | dyke sted by spade work, as hig nde as xm uS out. Being worked in a moist state prevents the soil 
ricult e scarecrow at 2d. per day | would build. I can easily see jeu Importance of | taking the per May aad erystall arrangement in 
i o the fkniremont of a donkey this system of aération. ere ash i n the freezing, and with late sowing, the primary root 
donkey-cart, "d vie away” monster horses in|soil would absorb nitrogen fro t stronger dE the winter. With earlier 
or harvest-carts with immense piles of|and form nitre. The pr riictlos i is exactly similar sri the primary r rootin will ar 5 ege. i TO 
ng to mar = rowing | to the trenching the soil in the old city geota; ? ting w 
dignity as he dictat e | of naja Madrid, &c., rich in pots ash, to obta tre. well established, and the plant iind "dn 
on E y remonstrates authoritatively EL he soil is oe ed ee milar dykes, tari In. the case of Autumn Wheat, a portion 
admonishes unwieldy oxen two or three y. pu ied down and the other sown peering shops 
as his diminutive form, See city at fen washed ` a seven or and sa ied. down 
the et of food or Titier, i is scarcel ly descernible among | eight yea: of Gowrie, a silt i m a iie ground, and 
erd, cleaning roo feeding stock he Deren of the mud rigen tof the basin of PA above a  broad-leaved stronger short 
drill, or the voip uh nd at 21 he , ani he river mouth, contai rii M and I should think the latter EIE to 
rate estimate of his master's condi Me proportion of prier matter of "which tash stand the win iter. In pare © 
i no doubt the tendrils fr from both 
forms a part, and n 
re is 
that of the imn A m there is no proof that an 
impure atm 
nitre, as 
proceeding from the knot utbs MC t the ground, 
ng from 
: Mb the primary rots away, In the case of -— 
VES 
cioddy 
M 
ng I have found in rough 
his system e dyking peni rooting proceed not from one | knot alone at the 
years h p whole process of ee —of aérati ion exposed to the winter frost and summer surface, but also from several poi ym downwards below 
endment—and yet not one of t th These several stories of roots is is very rare in cereals, 
y ee V Bo ant of education, and are | soil; it absorb nitrogen, form re, which and on d open to the ai 
l in connection with 
just got int 
eath, into 
children a better 
orden, wl give to ve had before them. The | la 
though i Seir to the Wheat crop, 
me or y 
another rou 
imagenes pov (lon to S5 
col 
fore Deep s 
a Smith’s experiment at Lois Weedon 
ing and aération would seem by Mr. 
to have rather 
t effects. His process, cultivating Wheat in a 
| importan 
yard wide i in " seeded row and a ya ard wide in * 
| drills 
ernate ely changed e 
