Max * 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 509 
t. If the caud s-tongue Fern is examined, it | venation is that in wh rede veins or venules meet in direct | that the spore-cases become laterally confluent into a broad 
Pi Tbe Rd Merge on TE Gin bago of tho stalk of the | lines from opposite fregit and coalesce at an angle more | marginal band. i d 
i d adhere to the stem—for several years, perhaps, after the | or less acute, and are — puscde onwards, E e - the| Ofthe eei en a iu — Polypodium is the 
a etic has decayed and passed away, but this persistent form of an excurrent or 0 "d TM G ds is is very | type, and wit Mr ilr opt rebium, igri 
iion continues quite fresh and succulent, so that on an ed welt represented in ? eph rodium n plan nt in diam, “Drynaria, Pleopeltis, "Nipbobolus tnm lena, de. 
s b re a considerabl Me of these living stip r Fern houses. Reticulated venation is that i in TATA the comes an in ate s t, that group typified by 
uam. n nt. Now, if the stem is cut up cepi and | rre a united into a network, and o n great variety, | Pre ium, rem, ported E in EIER the indusium 
er! Fat portion, of it, not too E is retained with i rind | giving rise to much div area of men ae p^ the limits or|is reniform or peltate, attached d the pecie sinus; then 
rade eh ction with o. €: thes se ati pen enl ‘this value of many ceri fg sien fc — apa - If | that typified by Cystopteris, wherein the indusium is attached 
uninjured ee ed d as a uote in P ib a orm strength, | crosswise 7 its base ; and so ee at pore by Davila, Micro- 
1 1 - in meshes wisi are tolerabl re mae - form, the lepia, &c., in which the i tt: me hi its base 
produce a plant. Brey one of the., stipe =a E cried iy | aspe c is said to be uniformly r iy re ted, but if ther s e | and sides 7 fn = so pes doge st. are s here, bes sides, 
ility of firmi: buds, | are off a series of s Mur poe boda towards an invo ucrate series, in whic e mem ranous pra ies 
ree quos to Teide Sn the cut m this fapility of rk of Gea stem, | the Si with finer ones united in a network aee | beneathand foldsover the spore-cases; mu nee - d e Dic - 
at m culti rs not hesitate to cut through or|them, the venation is said to be pinnately reticulated Iti sonia group, in hie the "E oceupy tw t pa, at the 
is which has formed but a also importanb to observe whether the venules all unite, » margin of the segments, and the Wood Mis group, y w is the 
sation for the present and | whether within the meshes there are some veinlets which are Pries s at the back of the fronds. So we complete 
nof a | free at the point. 
d r piant in the ctum | The lower. r part of the stipes commonly, and sometimes also _ TheCyatheinez which consist principally of Tree bes e = ier 
have an upright, or at least an up- | the upper, p well as the zown in most epi stems, her those previously mentioned in having the spor 
ofthem. I x illustrate this by | and sometimes the whole surface of a rhizomatous stem, may | compressed so that the pis. M — obliquely vertical, and 
en ish oo iar | be clothed with hair-like or chaffy scales. These scales are in the receptacles being pun m and = main’ Boge 
Es 
5 
zh 
M very constant in their presence and — general een prise Thyrsopteris, in whic gon fructifica San € 
ny -by e 1 der fame ar m i oti considerable - in the discrimination o cies, in a thyrselike manner on distinct pasa E64 and 
en downhill, if fixed for | an. f the larger growing Ferns, tho teda oe Dicksonia Mind and Alsophila, in w bc a they aro dorsal, the first being 
very | inv 
s 5 Y 
take this upward d Rode which | the East, and employed as a — — -— — are à rema EMT handsome Malacca Fern, with a tail pee 
tke of ow e mnn pro "ian to To enim osa, distin- beautiful objects for GS under a microse polished shaft, and a fan-shaped frond. m this the ring is 
Surtce slow i» om the asthe reproductive bodies "s Feri TREPAR are rather and the indus sia umbonato- -hemispherica! 
Ne. sen will hays pro- of the nature of buds than Y i the pm is perhaps "Pt „In the Gleleheniness, of which Gleiche MM is the type, the 
mob whence it started. very well - ipee Ac however is a question which need not ring is co mplete, and obliquely transv , the uua rigid 
ch the —€— of the now bed f wha t is called the fr uctification, d ed -- sori amd Hh while in T n anin dien re] | by 
cá 
th por i fro 
the same time oh more slender. ae ikora trvapiiur stems mri = nawd spores as dust-like add. "ese s Morel sori d "exiforse mangia that is , to say, T ardly E 
of the p rm structure might be instanced if tim tiec poe — Mp eh is calle i the spore-case, or mes reference to the edge 5. Schizeeine too, whieh chi 
e spor e-case a hollow body whi oh nthe and Lyg oi €— are types, havo a horizontal ring, but it is 
here in — of the youngest e apte instead of rm lén savages: which girts deg either a vertical, a horizontal, atia striat a crown. 
Hoge fronds are developed singly at interv or an Shanes direction. The ases are tollé cted i ito’ mee The Ceratopteridinez, personified by Ceratopteris, 
ing always a Fragen: d the growing | of various cbaracter, usually. Sot. oblong, or ian in form. peculiar plants, belog aquilderabtiivsdis with eed tee fronds ; 
l The groups are called sori, that is to say. **hea ape, ” of spore-cases, their spore-cases have a very broad ring, adim e 
| i e, surface, on which the us ata nds is the aye et) 2 more than half com 
y | receptacle, an organ to which I attach very vv importance. Then, ony: S far as fégards | the true Perna. come the 
c and varies greatly i in bulk; it affords a | It is usually confined to some determinate part of the yei eins, Osmundi {a whioh the two-valved spore-case has only the 
very ec means of propagating those species in which | b ar the top. 
it occ | universal, occupyi ng t us who a a qw = and — ae read p y -Ferns both the Marattiacez and the — 
But it itis time to pass on to the more importa: ans, the | vi ening spaces. we speci he b hes of s - | glos e ring of the spore-case. The former have 
— for just as it : tos blossoms for the aus iet which | cases is withou! beny.e covering. In dobta iti is ponied either dorsal "trnctifcatfons on normal fronds, the latter marginal 
cultivate Roses or other popular flowers, so itis for| by the barjon -over margin C bx frond o Bs Fis special fructifications on very much changed contracted i ds. The 
the sake of the fronds that we ir pong Ferns. | m brane bed an indus else it “Tie ithin e^ former too ins sub-divided into those with oblong distinct 
The fronds may be consider lg the leaves = ihe E | Wee rm mbrane placed beneath: "it e M involucro, or bivalved sori, as in Ma oe and mr i ; pone with 
though they are ot exactly a o lea | is hollow cup-like cavity. Those without ver circular concrete sori, as in Kaulfussia ; and those with universal 
themselves bear in almost all ome de that is Das by the yi nés called naked Bori, 2" which have ny pas ver syne over | connate sori, as in Dan » 
plants in the shape of fructi fication. eigr gen they ari Mehr oped xm. called indus sori, and those which lie withina I A" mime mentioned t Ferns vary in bos most 
eue 
his | 
it has observed o upper inde after i en tus qoem cre, or whether from 
ain groups, Trichomanes and d allies for ikt a d is pro: | | peculiar condition of our Hag z D — e say Pus the 
Me D8 Shae out to the uninitiated than this foetu] | jected beyond the mar; nother, formed of the genus | fac Y whilst an P ous forms of 
of the v ds PEN ugh the fact of thie ome of "^l | Vittaria, ic is sunk ina tu uin e: the margin. d k th atone of foreign xs w anything 
thing more positive distinction, there | The classification of Ferns to which I p sed to advert, | about them, may be al Most vounted i Portus, we can reckon 
this difficulty, tha that i it is not ere available, since e flower: | si Vend L 2M touch upon but briefly, e iret Deco | ours by hundreds, though some half century of species only 
ing plants one with, $^ ther in the garden or in a try very much upon characters derived from the | exist as the basis from which all this variety has been pro- 
r p yh lly in blo ossom, The practised e eye: can riore "Mem, ‘the ie and the veins. The primary, duced. Time will not permit that I should do more than 
indeed at once sh the fronds of a Fern from the leaves divisions de INC the e presence or absence of the ring or refer to this. pact of my subject, but I have selected a few 
of a floweri ; but the novice | a. ore-case, l i of the 
cannot do this, and hence it is not uneommon to find in amateur Tone. c all 
— the leaves of some umbellifer doing service as a Fern, | glossaces, called Pseudo-Fern ' British Fi 
v. ay of eem other cut-leaved plant on Miara insect | the Polypodiacese or true m in which the ring is present. | I would strongly recommend the study of the Ferns, 
ve > ruit. | The Sadit ities con: e ns 
A safe preventive of such errors uld be rig see that t tbe on their hands. 
young idii the eect ofthe nt [eo which of divisions, i^ pos the Po ypodiness form much the larger "m Th 
gathered, were coiled up in the circinate or crozier-like nearly Sottiplebe. The third series of divisions rests main]. E in search of materials will a be less pleasant and 
p 
Fern ‘fronds are bl hi ter; indeed, it i an ill be d Suave to Eh nd. T 
| very variable in character; ee s es wi en ng and ex ve to the mi But 
this amount of Vatleiy which bape A rtr: AT the plants «op ate — ee eee P ÓÓ e P. i 
as objects of we meee re are 
y 
whic ^ 
hle quirement of à 
we 
‘00! ae ed d it i of Ferns. Let fair- sized, mature, fertile s NE Y sought 
weer cut, or once, twice, or even thrice cut ; and sometimes eus "sonde, crowded Eo oe for and carefully preserved, and then the study will be easy, 
it is still more divided. The fronds of some Ferns are wholly | p only to the veins, but also to the cellular s. spaces which lie | for there is no lack of trustworthy guides to be Tuna amongst 
while different and iim Miet. i rte group occurs the simple-fronded | the books which are devoted to the subject on which I have so 
ossum ma Hymenodium, the ct like | imperfectly discoursed. 
ted 
Pt riopsis och : h 
th the stipes are embedded certain plated Ge paddles Or | POCO p uu ne to this comes ES group M ips x 
a, tissue, — — tolerably — in their position his oig patel ah s poly. Hom 
same cases H 
; d morphous fronds, and an epiphytal yd The pene es ». 
jes are iei equal in M D It has bpon these shapeless sori consist of a fine n p> of pent s ` = | festes Tu mid iun niga i ki h ë nt m " f 
minative — = since they vary at different elevations | MIRO Naro IUE pe use im 3r *| bot tor vel For that = fally is syete ‘the 
however, prt ogres iens ‘ponent ap plicat , for y et nr | pr ng disposed of those in which the receptacle is universal | cy of a ve y 
iri casi up through the rachis, th they nch out so as to |toomttsea” in some Suan is far "rof thé Ronde. x E acad system; and capable a much wider application 
and we shall se provi y that uus volui ivions of Important eoe form. ae hh find ae pae the veceptaclos T prt P which I commu nicated to ou some two years since, 
Sana an better Braine ease. ae gn sf Ts ute m emer s and to within a p 
on "3 ES the more 3 dauco es cellular ri are, as it were, | to thé And aot forming, dots either i the vend or orar, Building in y 
Kel c A pend Los bie erat hoa ror n Which in | some bac P Mot | ihe d nsverso the following words :—“ Let me add that my system o 
- site oy um Be cis | series includes two Bis pelo reei a by heating m mes and hothouses, and of warming large 
f they give tiso e to the Mando. di e eg a | rire e brani a a and wich tho receptacles aro rooms, is so perfected in my mind, and by 
t ints alon; e course of t x 
teterminate po cure d erated Ado. peer ien ihe | placed near to the midrib; E ai group is indusiate, SUflicient kplri caeli that for a fair remus 
d ind nable me to he time and expend 
epared to 
žad 
@ 
Ad 
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| 
l 
| 
| 
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| 
| 
E 
called sori, appear. In the absence | While the second has n ndusium, Then there aro several Which woul 
so: in the case of E flowering plants sor Tre tonatford groups, in hich the receptacle is marginal | the money for the purpose, 
onwhich theirelaseife ation is based, many modern | 9". E. Do: M reper trom the That repente public—1. That at a Rest A 
vo proposed to take the relation between the | PY ae Pm pe i that repre- | gOz and with nditm 
usia! 
meque well to explain, that in orde r to tender latelilgible | curbed mk 
ig which occur inthe venation, the name of ‘ vein’ Chollanthes and Pte 
riby "en to those branches which proceed direc t from the mid: | itself, the former puncti 
‘venules ? those which m from the v having its 
Thus the gend those which from the venules, d velulete. Ü indusium, Pew 
from the t second and third series of branches proceedin spore-cases when 
others [der vaa veferred to, 4 it happens hat | represented 
« Ond these have to be spoken of, the e: iate, the second nal 
€ veinlets is found sufficient to distinguis Then, in the se hi tacles, and con: d 
the free, thi of Ferns may be classed under three heads— | quently the sori are parallel to the veins, and not parallel to us opened, especially where peat can - 
that in the connivent, and the reticulated. Free venation is the midrib, we have first the group containing Asplenium, fuel, fora profitable e establishment of Aem nd on 
point or hich, we the M, have once di from their | Diplazi o ium, w imi = ae penn som est heaths and most ren moors.” 
tniring the leaflet at its aim do oot however much poi mer ager gg del She the naked: 1 d By placing a ateiti chamber pi the smoke chamber 
the om Ari again become united. If thereisa b | represented by Hemionitis, in which the linear receptacles are | I ob th ity of so hick = bi eri Poa Mr. 
forked > work Med are ires d either simple SEU or delet. Legen like tiui and by Gymnogramma, in whieh they| Martin uses for the latter, f moist 
; x A series of m riri the veins eleaflets|are linear, and merely simple or forked. And finally there 
(that. ° | bottom-heat for Pines and bs plants, you know far . 
of our British Ferns (ebat Is two forked) branchings [Is the, sparionsly z indusiato group Dison bat a0 claie be better than I do. The heat communicated by my 
