O————— 
^t ie to the political and poni tee c EAE 
Apnrt 16, 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 373 
nd the well-being of those who are the farmer cultivato; he other half to as high a pitch of 
m re further abstractions from the — manurial | an worst =. cmm apne any 9 ag oe a g pi o 
rces, and render — = fur "A outlay. ^" p quen a In India the Government vroprietorsbip of is |e  in land int ais gt could well reach. In the 
we big. says, p. 184, * Natural Laws of Husbandry,” | the land i actual reality, practically carried out, and not irri por might be profitable now an nl Siena 
—* Of the large amo ount of dern ‘substances oo merely” a ihasta form ed hei Britain, The Government take a Lo crop without irrigation. This ma 
e, bu t a small — ut the prr ,i — ee dao xes were wont | found expedient in or expose the soil to aeration, 
ji . 
kaisin] to first-class middlemen, who again in their turn farm it out thus to give 1 portunity of — a l 
. some of the Eur vm a 
friction remains in his body. = [^ i i i 1 t an 
analysis demonstrates that the atiii of man |in smaller SIMA AS second-class Eia ca piu who — it — of i —_ = e ius Jae ms ^ Tis 
n i t to the farmer cultivator on the m rinding a estruc- | character. 1e fertilising effects of aera EG " 
contain the ash-constituents of bread and flesh bist dive system of yearly — ae “three-fourths of the ret to trea g ias 
nearly in the same quantity as they exist in the food, produce as rent xs amo nt exceeding what I have ever heard | ) = 
of in Eur when he If "1 ‘the estimated produc e is the — 
highest peed for ind under apre be pe press n | t will facilitate the 
This system retains the tenant in abject Pover y. and neces- conveyance of the paar dui oals ae th their natural 
E VEGETABLE siata sarily aa idet "hand-to to-mouth system of cropping-exhaustive | depots, à t regions, though e bape nb 
In TA bers of the Agricu. ral Gazette, I| It would seem that continental countries deprived of forest | so “plenti tiful within 30° of the equator (this demands 
hd droit out some important original views ied inet roe a fertile vegetable mould fall more into extremes of| examination, as no peat deposit takes place except at 
of the Vegetable Mould in the e edge EE —- | period he season of pai arching drought | very Ps altitudes within this lat. The steam 
t d 
d uch great " 
Nature—as a dorem ulated provision necessary fors the iowe in India, uet the vegetable mould [A M S eod is| elevator of water ant steam plough, along with steam 
origin and continued existence of a od pm «iE uch exhausted, and the Hindoo race nearly in the same | conveyance, are destined to revolutionise the earth's 
— y animals, and of man him It Tatio degenerate. and exposed to destructive famines, now dien and the — of man, morally as well as 
+ > r 
ncreasing this d. i such 
is the highest, tbe most im -— ant object of all to Ei there are plenty of aa ri i India. What mE the labour be uch m ore felt "epe ir a vantage heir appre- 
—that upon which his own existence, XJ least the ee weet ucted the rios of Bur "Pre ani ipi ai ae of ciated t — is not 
amount of population w wbich the earth de sa le o of | direc sd te ase of utility ? he aids of steam and | 80 ae bn These aids vires man more a 
supporting, depends; the capacity of doubling zit me to o porate, A V p^ of human labour | barene of labourin ng buceo than a labour 
Budropling, or halving and „quartering the present p - m ct ed e ha ir't the human "abour can qp | drudge. 
numbe 
nd o rk, and less than one-third th 5 
R t textile ‘clothing C3 bed Uim ne ary to hum: nan |à charge of trust requiring intelligence, will be found 
diminished. Yet strange, this highest, most important poh voir s lea en unt a oo important an occupation for any but freemen— 
D. that man is master of attaining, has been un- unemployed.. “Is it to "minister | to the debas sing luxury and | ade the slave's and slave-driver’s Pasa will be 
ed, unmentioned, even ignored, Ae ie of ue eof the few? Is it to go to keep up enormous s standing | gone. 
B teri 
nd wa 1-50; to be directed to d 
vy Liebig. But i the subject | or future tna of which irrigation in warm | I have here redeemed my promise, so far, of proposing 
orent it is proper, though i in n part a repetition, countries is the foremost ? a practical scheme of vastly improving the vegetable 
to point out the highly efficie - ^ s to effect its| I will defer the account of the destruction of the | mould in more than four-fifths of the habitable globe, 
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and burning the forest trees, he throws all the valuable com- | Vegetable mould in cooler | ejiis effect. The means of impro ing the table 
Munus of the vast mass of vegetable mates, Liebig's minerals} In hot climates th eus in a great degree com- mould and grey hai easing production in cooler 
the aa ching oe EE - rer mier — H o, black and pensates for and wit es Jap im -— c À b be|climes remains to be treated of. Patrick Matthew, 
brown vegetable mould under the most exha — rops. | WOT. — - oral furnish ich able mould to the | Gourdie Hill, red Scotland, March, 
Often, in order to get rid of the manure which the consumption port e land not irrigated, ‘the irtigated poetic 
by cattle of these crops produces, he drives it out upon the reiting little manure and giving much material to | 
Lo ice, if he has a convenient river near; and in the| fop Irriga 
i : c. Home Corr ice: ondence. 
ment and applicaticn as a manure, it is seldom made use et ig in e and other places, where the water from| Agricultural P. lant Tages ment.—Since writing to 
a manner to retain the fertility of the soil, which would require insufficient fountain level had to be raised by human hel on the es ultimo, your ur i der ‘of the 13th 
e utmost and leniency in baht nE a, as € ues power alone. In the South of Spain, during the E i i ruary came under my notice for the first time, and 
shelter from sun and wind, is much mo olatile h m calm of the Roman rule irrigation was| anong h m 2 T dt iie M in reply to what 
exposed than mould accumulated under iv vot shinai: exte “pte fay out, € where necessary the wa ter | m have sai with my name. The 
pe ag Its generet is hoyen no great object to the | raised by ass and mule Mud Brio Nw the deseri in uon does does not 
aaia ad or uas "elio Primi fu The polation, ring He to cblo wiat now deas fiiy meot the question at ee No one ib moro 
Sa anew portion of the forest land to the KA H e . d vl is able were ae no loss of power by able than Mr. Shirreff t the hist plant 
pe n, &c., to raise 1 ton of water 1 mile in hei f his 3 opin ee n. But we shall be 
In another er colony ‘of this highest enlightene - ce of man, ther is ibe mr 50 — 100 feet. vid much more eas iy | much astonished if, on a review of the whole of 
partially wooded, and flocks and x ds th hi and effectually b eans of stea ower, can the) that la fe he finds as he declares 1e: the 
ANE Ras the danger from destructive v cad a in st edd increase of irrigation, and vast emia of a well fed | | alleged ost of Hallett’s Pedigree Wheat is the only 
me Jongh home, amd pase tho eh t re enclosures duse n be carried out. Man has it now in his power which t i iai Rd M quo! apie defence of the idea 
the manure accumulates i large ere | to raise vy spot of the warmer climates, the |W ich n e w it, as ied to growth of 
to such ‘an Mont raid didor NEMACA meren unmanageable mountains excepted, to E hest stat , necessarily c onveys.” "In re lyin to po I 
; 7 removal to a cep e iu ying 
Peri J the mounds “to waste their fragrance on the | of fertility. To effect this, the- industri shall 1 t of 
ad e exhaustion of the pastures from this cause, - e otected in the property he seat fic ilities ne sides and d and substitute the term paria 
anuary 
and t i 
M pum Pianta ot fond aio and | creation of real property—the enrichment of bs vation as in y communication of 6th Jan 
parch up t aue — Meg like Cg rm ect i| Keesie Mould—aflorded, the fetters which rep las t. On. the widest review of plan nt improving, 
every few Spor oe | flooding, d m 
"1 of on ttle wing to name a single instance of a vari riety havi 
Have sg og D ood ans in he resulting ari EK ei d "| of ‘the vegetable mould which s man has effected, it is bes improved 2A cultivation. Being aware of my 
lected to great drought a wooded country ceases to bo : me eae “es SES nowledge, I consulted by 
In A epth has scomtolaii The reedy shores of rivers and | letter a practica of considerable attainments, and 
mould is fs in peogress as ri pes xor erri a ae lakes — of sufficient temperature are | received the following answer. “I have not yet seen 
deis Sheep not only destroys the young tree plant, but also | the natural lab M e E bs T hcm of a m heard vf I trustworthy exemplification, 
P» yar bed ae is biton down into the root knot and | vegetable mould which es, such | o I believ possible to improve, salting 
Was in the state rr open tei pnm Aer rein e as the south of donis, the mola m “of "Indis, tbe elI pef any plant thon the effects of. cu'tiva 
toreduce the vegetable mould to the cherie s wish- toitsmora | North of China, and Some 0 ther ces, where gr reed 
tien "vd oy tituents, almost as if subjected to torrefac. | fresh water lakes and ri rivers, with hallow w shores, had | improved o 
of much of th oo + enos the ual decrease of the fertility testes J retired and left the Ne md sed, ge-formed rated thereby. Halit o of growth i is quite "orga to p» ie 
Mte both Kita Sig moror © | vegetable remains of great thicknes our opinions on this 
E tributed regularly over over the year, and also not is s gradually. built t up of tbe roots and allen d t different, I = ou eiae me with | p OF the 
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arty the samo Fai fall by one or even two seasons | water, f the slowly ret far of cualtow datavana” Cae’ thive ba aarti e e EQ 
excessive dronght, or by an rainfall, water, or x case of e ow fk iring water of shallow | cultivation, Can there be anything in the origin and 
Fed cd banks 80 or 90 feet petyessfiedisr, und iyu lakes es (an ence) vada is built up of | nature of Hallett's Wheat to render it an été itio 
vile inland country, where the banks are low, deep under | these nim m the sl shallow border a deep forma- | with respect to improvement by cultivation? I think 
Passing northward to British In ewe mat hee Ec tion of vegetable mo uld, extending în width as the|not; but let this subject be examined. Mr. tt 
= dee feront cirdumistáncešs—a land of the a idon tmd a onsen Artificial irrigation, wisely conducted, says he commenced with an ear of Nu , Which he 
Mw Bad nize of s e = ‘of the hu n race s. pei worked to act in the same manner as Nature | improved by Ser gr But there is overwhelming 
2c op many o 
aie within the power of ie civilised man to it is d perhaps identical, Mid os ntin? s Giant, 
a E itoi, you have r 
ev. pani Lia 
and by, ste With irrigation there isa luxnriant and ra ideis Tacs be called in question, it is not too late to 
able by oo ces and usages, as to be inextric- Wee two, or even three crops can a arm climates | your know your opinion. I fedt VN 
Ier tiri E nok uo. visdy ordera auae ras be grown in the year. It is rather dificult te under- | to ask you to reexamine “ Triticum's " samples—No. 3 
ctively guided bee-hive. z stand how the necessary materials are obtained. No | (Hallett’s Pedigree), No. 10 (Hallett's Pedigree), sentout 
doubt "- ies -m from rain water, in con- |in ae No. 12 (Quentin’s Giant!—and tell 
ers i dn 
civilised countries of the East, where in the Jour 
labo! rule and tyrant custom ome read I also ask y 
liberty, en menh strength, has has vig ar of the vitel attraction in a luxuriant | to compare these samples with No. 9 (Nursery and 
egen plant å is abler to overcome the existing material attrac. | say if it is then same variety with either No. 3 or No. 10. 
foreign | tions which withhold the mineral and other components | Hallett’s Pedigree Nursery Wheat must either be fact 
of the soil, or, perhaps to widen the sphere of the been mal and your reply to the requests which have 
om e may to 
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Ruso He, d istant sour tmosphere. Her by m system of plant improving. 
mim Unfitted, themselves, | not weg A the metamorphic power of elites. ge th e wae April 11, 
ether these o a clearance like | magnetism which carries metallic substances and |. Wheat.—You v were good enough to insert 
= man miting teen ther these mode osten Or a alta th eh" pide Gazette of March 26 my letter 
changing the tno them a hundredfold in the East, only | through ee conduction of wa ater Supposing one half respecting the quality of Hallett’s and other Wheats 
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system, as regards improvement sialis, the "iets y of ged ae p will he bowl is parish Panes so much that t I fear 
