Arai 23, 13(4.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. £95 
eeu ir fo: ion to above mentioned to any one wishing to have|and the agriculturist, it must be remembered that 
bave e Lu prec in — » ev db powér with one. Chas. Clay, Secretary, Corn Exchange, Wakefield. there w were three — connected with the land: - 
Ye the Xoops of Steam-power p lti- andlord, p bourer, and the intermediate class—the 
E M N t 
occupi r public offic 
Home Correspondence in this Siem tended to show that this intermediate 
» Dynamometers pem Steam Cultivatio obe have pe had been greatly neglected. Mr. Bellaires, one of 
fend ^ dien An mental p Bien, odio kindly laid before us the Royal petiti Society's | the Inspectors oF the Privy Council for Education, said, 
td ible to the working of xui a company 9 i request to the Messrs, Easton & Amos to report upon |“ I am afraid that in my distri t (Glouccste pee 
— hood I can REM assure him tha Mr. Fowler's suggested dynamometers, &c. It cannot Worcestershire, and W arwickshire) p are 
facts "ne ufo the reverse. The farms — are| make much diffe Lo to me as to what these dyna l small tra en.a E 
il e ras ing not more than 150 to|mometers are, since I shall not be in for this year's and others of that eps and yet it iQ p difficult to 
170 acres, which is partly owing to this being the | ‘‘scramble” at Newcastle, but I should be glad if Mr. | mention any description of school that is more 
threshold, as it were, between the agricultural and the | Fowler, or some other ag Tu ime give us some | impor!ant—there is no class of society so imperfectly 
manufacturing districts. The soil varies exceedingly in | information meee them a: the use of them. i educated, or whose opinions are so crudely formed. 
some parts, as for instance, between Ackwort th and thre e ton one may do nite beat to test Mr. Fowler's Again, Prebendary Brereton, of Exeter, the author of 
Askern, we have a fair field for our ked engiue. "Three ton is equivalent to 40 ide interesting papers on Middle-class E 
Y i 
2 
ur 
i i il 4 or 5 feet deep. Some |under such a pressure, and who are the farmers who | century of the Sabet évtéto, "2 Qa t was, the system 
de An Ex ay rge os a rd thee es uc defy all|can afford A throw ropes away with something |of public schools, co colleges, and universities for the 
attempts ‘t o work them by steam-power, while the|like three tons pull in them? z hat aj wealthier AR oi in ‘the establishment of the 
adjoining inclo osure is so soft and swampy as to be best — that requires some 30 o r 40 horse | lower,”— r 0 
unable t he weight of the o pull its implements T t, to d sh its ropes "t poorer classes, of which, be it remembered, the 
the me The engines weigh about 13 tons when | and machinery to atoms, and to empty the farmers|large body of occupiers of land as well as the e middle 
filled w water and coals. The fields are generally | poc ckets? Let the Royals "reflect ndn they adopt such ut were the chief supporters, through having to 
small = most irregularly shaped, the average size | a test, for assuredly England never will be farmed by | pay the rates,—* has there as yet been provision made 
not exceeding 10 to 12 acres. We have in a few | such Phe ms n mesa ery. Mr. Clay, the Ars of the for the large intermediate class who can neither aspire 
instances ae med 6 acres, but in such cases always | Wakefield Company, may give us his flaming accounts to the former, nor condescend to the latter. ‘There are, 
charge for and large per cunbaced ea the first year, but we have, indeed, many advocates for so extending these two 
It will ^» realy oid oft that with such * special yet the Glouceste r Cor pany as well as Mr. Moscrop's Systems as to embrace all the upper middle class 
circumstances,” d with the prejudice bat will require somereconciling; in the educational system of the gentry, and 
and the great wan apie faith in the undertaking, the besides that, Pe Mr. Fowler "kno w how to practically | to absorb the remainder in that form by the help of 
original promoters ded no light task i and, pply m power il? What; the State for the labourer. It is also still an open 
was thes e difficulties | which indu ced his o operations 2 crop, and what are their, question, though not likely long to be so, whether 
lect system. My own opinion jb cost ? lt is that that the practical farmer | i ill aequi the perm 
always = nar in favour of that — and I must look to to guide him; a dynamometer | | bli shment of those subsidising —— n the 
hold t with | exper is mere trash; nothing short of a universities have recentl undertaken for middle 
the double engines on the system of hire. The var arying “scramble” engine can be made to — any push, class, or whether it will adopt the et See ie establish 
, charac ter of the work, „the irr rregularity of the fields, Now fi for the two p cwt, dynam meters, The ey , in connection ith the different counties a new educa- 
to test ] t i for tional System with its own publie schools, colleges 
to convey all the leanne nd appa ratu s upon the | he Ed othing of so veh a ieee wt. ui- and university." The more wealthy of the intermediate 
toad without any horse power assistance, places the | valent to 8-horse power. Neither I v bein, Fowles: lage he might assume, took advantage of the colleges 
single engine out of the question entirely. dg fewer? or any one else Mi ctn ? with so light and Amiivarsitiok established [T a rich, and in en 
f s en t e =p A i 
ch t worth sa 
has occupied my attention in conjunction with a few re about. I am pleased to see that the ett the clas uld probably taki idii 
friends more or less since 1859) w would ha ave been Coun eil have set at naught the ein upon Mr. Amos, tage of the schools « established Pontes Stata influence 
attempted long ago, 7 may not always have for the poor; but the gre f the middle class 
a practical working condition as to satisfy us, | been right in his advice w the “Council, but it seems were without any means or a vole an education 
- t wes not until Mr. Fowler introdu ced to my that the Council, and I am quite ce ertain that a pomeeriatinate with their wants. Speaking of this Mr. 
na 
d In er ca re 
pete to the horizontal drum of his engines tha at w ourable man b descen Smith, Woolsfo n, standard will be gradually fixed both for general 
could see anything like a clear course towards me: sown Station, Bucks, 2 April 12. [We have given knowledge and for special studies, which will remove 
Coming our numerous difficulties, and meeting the almost numberless exam ples of unquestionable profit existing uncertainty of object and irregularity of 
can of this part of the country. That being and success attending the use of Mr. Smith's steam | method, which ly injurious t 
is comp 
a aree achner and 
' t any was formed after much struggling, | cultivating apparatus atte nding the use of Mr. peut ;" and alluding ps particula rly to ein for Mr. 
and for the gneooragement of those who a f Mr. Fowler’s Brereton's pamphlet from which he w. gne ferm was 
hanging fire ” ay state that “And we shall by and by report the result | entitled, “ Education as connected with Agriculture,” 
before the whole- of the fir =% capital, only ty was | of pom year's experien of all three, It is, we | he went on to say, “the effects of such a definite 
subscribed for, and we claim to be the first to demon- | believe, an entire mistake fs ipud that the corres- standard npon the English farmer's family ean pad 
strate à a Mm wae ce is - best for | pondence with the Council of mnn cultural Society be overrated. | Whenever it oe recognise 
hiring i he first t 9 declare a | about their USUS vu us eer, v intended as a rale vu all the sons of a family shou'd complete the 
iind uy ‘et ant) and put p | education by obtaining a degree mti "habits of a house 
1 a reserve fund, the "fesdit ot the first — would be regulated according ly, and the mere 
fore J2 ae UTE y 
; r. Fowler for the t Ses one em Z, | seniors of domest order and happiness Mares 
: w plough, one cultivator, 800 yards of steel| Rovar Acr RICULTURAL: At the ANNUAL MEETING | almost unknown. bject without refer- 
Tope, and 10 rope porters, was 1292L, and with the | on Wednesday, April 20 arit tainment, Foala ensure this, 
m of a third self-transporting road engine, with a | Mr. Horraxp, M.P., delivered a lecture + Agricultural For equally the holi "s of the school-boy, the PIA 
threshing machine an nd other expenses on the capital| Education. After referring to LH ness of the of the collegian, or the daily pursuits of the 
itout, we have a total outlay of 21587. 6s. Gd. up to | subject, and the general admission that saad was student would have this effect, extending also directly 
Christmas, 1863. number of acres ploughed and | necessary in the way of education for the agricultural | to the female members of the family. Such was the 
: Ügged over is 393 acres 1 rood, and the quantity culti- | classes, he observed that the subjects for discussion had | connection which the farmer has with the large middle 
nu 925 acres 2 roods, making a total of 1318 aeres | usually taken three different phases, according to the | class, and x eae of that class to which immediate 
E Toods wi rk 5 he depth | natu i he latitude, and d : 
for d i 
: me m (o 
1 ENS your other questions, the total amount a t ie i geom and mii t leisure of the family home, 
vm lt 
Stol | from 6 to 11 inches for igging, and from in practice there were different views arising out of| in saret with w aich ther e great difficulty 
i Hd inches for cultivating. ‘ hese circumstances, but in all these cases there was | that they hardly ‘gers whether’ t ase existed machinery 
A T not — troubled Ys with so many quad the difficulty in regard to educati ion that they had ,no for ' bri ringing into play all that was requisite i in as quick 
E might ve enlarged on the improvement now to be re gular educational system as connected with and speedy 
: sn in the land worked by our tackle, and al interest. But the growth of civilisation That there wasa demand for it there could be no doubt, 
TET in some M are|and the force of competition required that no 
er e^, | which had to make its way in a free country should | of the great middle class to be met? Daring the 
ny |be backward in the diy ttromenita of the i ea 
! of sor pute connected with the Society, | nature was aa 
1 ked how a lad should be brou up who was | betw € 
rations, te increasin ng its c eA “intended for the engineering profession, replied, “Send | w 
to King’s Colleg ome il ic school ;? ids es 
ely commercial Siren and when it was furth hey teae 
u time, when | of engineering there?” was, “ mind, 
dto supply any district in England | do it think ac present of the um dn eie ion, E 
pun with the proper plough- | but only of giving a eid SE hte —n good basis m E ROME Wee 
"M ibility , the | of general education." E was Th rule isa Ped boston n veh gave to the ie individum a certain 
ived | be followed with the any education of the cul. | status us in his class, a certain posi his fellow- 
nce (no aie matter i in itself, as | turist. With our ancestors education was ot E abso. ere what they doe 
e enabled by | lutely ddp for the isin vars Md life, | be, e, an opportunity of displayin ing what 
uch e ns = acre, and x es us, and a man edueated not | this was othe pesar meming the word eta tal 
rtainly when Be as his tastes a "ois We o the it was different from the meani ing of the word 
it will be possible for any otim; "But. s us and with our sons education " instruction. " Tnstrae ction might be Se ris a certain 
t nies with y, and the question was, how tl 
i I take, however, a|should be met. The first thing to ‘consider was, w whe at what ther n the <n ividual 
a copy of our | was education? It had been quaintly described to be | that the edoptia on to be Mis. Tike that of ‘the 
ein you may perha) nd | the placing of the growing human creature in such | children of the olet. verde of the middle classes, 
ur notice, and if any of be aie d ceo or of restraint as might |but after publie school or col ee pris was wanted for 
i e circle of readers require | make - of him. was the machinery for | the agriculturist. Even while nection between 
| Restions sent me. e; to give answers any direct | ronan ag k i with such information as would be|the boy and t the college still existed, ther ought to 
Peut, On receipt of tee h your columns or us practieally serviceable to him in his future life, In] some beari rin ng i in the education. on the na biens 
m 9 Eres I can also furnish the ! considerin ing this matter in connection with th f th And 
