Avavst 13, 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. . 779 
No. 2632, year 1857; No. Te year 1858; No.|as sa follows, 5 The steam, superheated steam, or air, 
y 2179, Y r 1860; ge s 1436, "M A are made to pr through pipes. These are placed 
heat each| The injection of carbonic acid gas, o a in a case, e grain "js caused in its descent to 
gra E ien - — —À kommen n natural | other dial gas into — is ete oes be her ips pass in contact with the heated surfaces of the 
non- -eonductbiity of the Wheat. illing the vermin in gra od far g "rp pipes, and is thus ried. The moisture is iret 
3rd. The steam evolved from the grain itself |as a preventive measure. uch an application off as fast asit is evolved by means of a fan, 
en vo is quor rne for everyday use, and would be|grain is stirred and moved about through xt 
It will be instruetive to examine how these|likely to giv MN. taste to the corn. | revolution of screw: 
itions have e fulfilled in the numerous | The use of em or of superheated steam, This Sassi is doubtless very efficacious, 
otherwise, that at various| although specified in several patents, appears|but the fan and the Archimedian screws must 
times have been brought before the publie; and a | absurd. If steam be taken at such a — consume much power, 2 the whole is probably a 
slight deseription of these plans, with the dates, that it can force itself through the grain, it im very expensive apparatu 
willgive the his of the attempts at drying | cook the gluten; at a low pre ssure, the stea There i is a plan for drying pn which I has been 
i i u ee, 
life of the Wheat itself; and a certain temperature | | 
on 1 
and, where grain is seldom stored for | it in a worse state than before. Using air dried | but wh ich does not seem ctn tracted i 
ar ates length of time, d t im Hg. any | by chemical substances is a very scientific way of attention i in bi a nor p as it c een patented in 
fi i i i abl is that of orang en the grain 
except. in wet harvest years, E or any s ri m of| but limited, tera in many cases the drying of air|in layers of barely 1 inch depth to the action of 
esi grain. The very great enel of | by such mea: would be irma — exhaust steam. The sm depth of the layer 
tents taken out within late years would seem to| Wi of heated air in | allows — "n rers to undergo the same 
PM - this, buf none of these plans appear to be | direct conta "i with grain, it will be seen that this | dagivo of heat wi a given time. It has been 
in successful operation, mostof them being probably | plan has great difieutier i in its wake, Asis well | pat ented by Beast MALLEVAL in France during 
either scientifically, practically, or commercially | known, the pre of atmospheric air is only ioy year 1854, and is described in vol. 39 of the 
hos ent. temperat official * Descriptions des Brevets d’ Invention.” 
e French appear to have achieved most in| so that it could not si injected by its own pres- It. consists of a flat casing of copper or tin, with a 
this Matin: although none even of their plans as| sure. On the other hand, e the air he heated a an nd The grain is between these casings, 
yet seems to be quite successful, e Americans, | injected by mechanical m à on i 
favoured probably by their drier climate, have not| with the grain it w ould. 9 fog ont travers he 
ejemplo mush in Pha way, as there are a much heat, Itis likely s s EM be the it is let out by a tap. The grain is let in through 
ase with STANFORD’ 
Washington. for rn Pos cm apparatüs—a dA ri 1858) unless the air were admitted at a low pres-|is a slide or damper at the bottom of the ona , 
tively small n a er for a armari so prolific in | sure by the £e in — à ong z thin m as by which the outflow of the gri ain may b be reg gulat 
atents. For of a complete record of German | on a floor. In e in | The g 
invention, it is 5 difoult to riran ra what has been eee and England in 1854 | 1853, ear Bear ti ng hot nd damp, is caused to fall into contact 
q 
oF course the cheapes est and b in getting the down, and the mo cx driven off. The grain 
grain and flour, when it can bs Catton wee is = to permeate mph 7 a ts pes e of "the after band shescpod 1 e Apa is po fora few 
that c of submitting it, in thin and furrowed layers, a e grain 
to. the conjoined influence of the sun and air.| Instane tt ion of th tated heated to 60° gt (140° 
This, however e. can MP be carried out in a|plan of b ringing a ir M gases in direct contact Fahrenheit) EL being two minutes in the 
southern olim with the grain, will hag found in Patent No. ap nes "NP. aad F. ) at the end of Hp 
The differen “3 means proposed for artificially | year 18 and No, 3159, year 1860, esers. | min ^g and 75° 165? Ax at the end of 
drying grain, may be roughly classed under the NEWTON, pedes sg Do OYÈRE have taken out |10 m € A ewe: ‘independent apparatus could 
following heads:—Ist. The centrifugal apparatus | similar ae A eed in the years 1838, 1853, | b ul 
or ee aa ag Ng 2nd. The stove | and 1854 respec of water, and a case measuring about i 
or kiln princip The employment of the} The mary er p sem Dov£zE has been yg. "With this arrangement the exhaust steam 
desiccating — of artificial gases, steam, super- | carried out on a large scale in France. The main and condensed water could be returned back into 
b M s sting f heated air, or lastly of air dried | features of his invention consist of a cylinder the small boiler. An da. like the above, 
ohforid ex cians PE it no. ithe Th ither i common n lime or oram of wirework, open at its extremities, and | holding 3 Fallen would take to fill and empty it 
de he emp yes of the neline, like a bolting drum. One or more | about two minutes. The grain would remain in 
Ef 
metallie surface, whieh is of i 
de parating a ea IE ae o. ran iue are pia aced icke chamber ths shela of Wheat) three be dried an 
gas, or dot water in indirect E with the grain a cast-iron stove and pipes. The heated air enters | mi ; és 
e chamber ding wi - eylinder -| It Sint that plan : $ 
“Many of these patanta are simply absurd, while D a ree ee eae grain oat je evidant BAM rent shape; k 
very few show a complete appreciation of the wy upper end; and empties it, af M apogo culiar facili Deus IM ha aatoro ie vaty afatan 
eM ts of a irs =r eres apparatus. of 15 or 25 seconds’ duration, into a woode drying table apparatuses, 
hydro-oxtraotor or nini agal plan is, as a The grain quickly passes through this ease, phon could be isis at wrod wot =e Pi 
i te: 
IL——ÁÉm—mmER 
It can merely g ^ rid of Hg which is in ipn T7 ae ometer gives the amount of 
zoe. union with the an t of the n at its exit from the cylinder. DAIRY FARMING.—No. I 
several French h and ita of 57° to 62° de. If th d renes qm D dus CLA a pM t. 
imt o 62° centigrade. If the temperature i T 
mi men " No. 97, year r 1853, a nd No.|be higher or lower, the fire must be fined or E pace ste] ans of Prot 
idea L nA. » Different arrangements upon 6 this | sl siackoned; the cylinder has to be turned quicker - The stand point from which we have as yet Mee 
4 ; the men must alter the eq ipa he's subject of Dairy Farming has been that occu 
ions des Brevets," vide 18, 72, | ur. doin f two chambers; or more or less ss grain chiefly by the jP iea and ti the r pubie E bal 
E and 76, — ^ ey thew general rs af must be let in during the same time. The nephadity | ,. > “37s Aer. tat. the Tadd ooo surface 
arrangement. tis ee it requires | for these manœuvres will be e iitriusl à 
ars room, and the no beet lly heated, | has been said above; ; the difficalte of ueni pared with the X ELS um the ve 
unless well stirred up an: frin bout. g them out will be apparent. In addition | nir that it consequently commands in a vory 
( het frm A Toa m t Tas | to these objections, as the sereenings drop through | of vaine, ee d is i frequently M eed eie MERO 
or for owe 1 patos ee on ppl scale, s thet are | the wirework cylinder priv d pot am e of the ita permanent improvame nb rud Wu ast 
very diferent oper: ions to g gn ors a si grain, they get charred, givi ng o unpleasant | f To Me r airy fering ore e e tenan 
m Whee b 
d. tracts from | taint to the Wheat, and causing dion tnik to the his taking.” I es MY CO xm id 
wee of the brea: attendants, ira, ug HNISUST drawn kp ac Ms arable dese kp. y 
, a ause 
Gry Piero E ds third principle, or the We now come to the last prineiple—that of | stances in which they are denpecttrety IY pikad In the. case of 
e of the direct action of iar sai e fluids, may | using a heated metallic surface. This principle | tbe latter there is frequently hardly an acre of arable land — * 
ded into kinds: I i nts Nos. 3 040, | his i d ab dumi ba 
. ' a Ti 
Be 
a : e hay-making, f 
2nd, In which the fois used is itself in| year 1855; No. 2008 š : Ü 3 | the open fe with a little hedging, dite 
A zx 1856; and Nos 892 i beating d ian! E 
action, fad is injected into stationary grain. 3rd, In | an ae 1589, year 1861, The PIS ame | Suis i CAD ese: o during E pone 
ae 
ye dna pr TY are combined into a metallic surface would ui too veh “hea 
t hat we may ES  alth 
ha first kind of apparatus we | inventors haye atte LAS A kiln f 
Be Wi, T year r 1853 ; No, 614, bees dnce nb how As »Y ir 
di ^ me M Bringing th the € in motion "i E able to the same obj di 
B - © desiccating fluid agent must evidently | not so light and neat in its application as -— reach of the floods 
o’ve some complication. Not merely is an He eated 1 air is unpraetical and is dangerous to the sumption.” 
: m the | PSP. 
2 system a pus — 
vp the men's labour as 
.. Recessarily one for keeping th ini i de £h G ; h 
APT Oen ping the grain in motion, | ten eney of heated air to absorb so muc po sad sight to see'a man fidiog V) Hotes noting while Lin 
f (7 wife and daughter are turning many times in the ight 
constructed t^ "t bun arrangement m to be Sent changing its pressure ; the plan does not | robore DIAG ee bas surely sotbinbiog veditelly "rh 
or kiln be hed J ! f a stove it. This is, however, by no means universally a true picture ; 
this per Se ts T all the inerent ri of i due bounds, as compared with steam. The patent thie the whole AE eo T here uii ek care 
1 h rue, 
Th following sten e to bear on this ca describedin the specification No. 892, year 1861 may | where does ^ the 1 ult tie? Not with the poor farmer, who, 
come under ou P nts taken 6 ord in a AEN be regarded as the best and latest ‘sample of this -— a Bod Then mail : the artisans in t our 
t wns, has no resources within himself and no spur to quicken 
1 No. 11,947, PL The inventors, Messrs, T. Dos, EP Eteliocs but with th rui m 
Yer 1847; Nos, 1288, 1489, and 1882, year 1855 ; | Surrx, and L. Horsrrexp, describe their invention | maximam o rent with a mulo of cntay ed the part of 
