796 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
[Avavsr 20, 1864, 
the growing mass of detail, and once more to create 
order out be Aa scientific chaos, 
Ear 
rly in the present century England, in her turn, 
produced a E graf sin mind— deus id the Hie Fox 
Humphry Davy—vast in luminous 
cope 
deptioa, as any, the grea atest, of fargi piia "Dav "n 
was well fitted to wear the fallen pep of Lavoisier, 
eat 
Prot the manure patents enrolled since the publ 
tion of Liebig’s book i 
patent iented in 
converting tr icalcic 
Mr. J. B. 
sc stands the selelbrited 
1842 Lawes, for 
into monoealete Benet ney by 
tons n annum) obtained from Spain, 
Americ 
Täporiäkion n of Manures into Great Britain.—Thesg 
data alone might serve to indicate that the indus ustry 
Norway, ut 
i| Frag nee aci 
it applies to cs treatment of 
claimed b 
recen t bones, is 
nd to continue his gre work, ccordingly, t 
e 
this acere has become foundation of 
of 
made apparent by their judicious collocation in the 
edifice, Sordin to the plan of 
experimenta a 
be 
the quarried stones is only 
foot-n 
. Lawes — ae in 
do ri data, separately accumulated by the i 
toil of many, only appear in their true value and pansphakes 
si nce when comprehensively embraced, co- 
ordinated, and, as i re, fused into a 
A pn one master-mi Sucl 
-min 
the last century ; Ara a 
service was rendered by Davy to ye dn uas and js h 
to ourselves, are the mind and t 
Liebig. 
for diii ou jak t 
RCA T 
y Mr. _ Lawes, but belongs to J ustus Hietig 
the 
ote below, Liebig’s own 
Mes 
nhi 
c acid to 
60 
a aay Bod few id Comeil ‘of hai, in Royal Agricnitur, 
1 EX 
since th in 1840, 
afforded occu upation | nob “only t o the inventive 2 
Mann e but also to the comme 
e English nation. 
lament du ia ano trade affords dire 
og 
E 
1 
nglish pee as appears from a report published 
ae pr D e 
ale. Those up 
a new industry, 
y, and fa d overcome poa difficulties that 
e preceding 
that erat cargoes of guano were imported 
m] 
Mra ps 
statisti 
It was in the year 1837 that the British Associati 
for t! 
go, 
55 
ence by 
nch of science, to write 
ene cried: which honourable 
un nder rtook. 
s then 
duty the ttis philosophe 
ar 1840, Liebig, 
Wn dud his memorable work on “ Organic 
Chemistry jn its Applications to Agriculture and 
Physiology.” 
Pro ane by the beng tansy d Re mc which h 
book, on its appearance, did not fi p 
ore perfect in 
y By these | 
unwenried. industry during | 
B. 
g,in fulfilment of this engage- | 
of Jus spring up, unforseen, at every stag of such a work, a Ria aei of 207. per to n) by a Mr. 
will know how to apprec ciate at their ust xolu Mr. T. s. Gi ibbs e engage ed in the business, The 
Indeed, in b 
y, as a manufacturer of man ues bat Ei ie dicen: during the 
y be 
indefatigable ss acon seo on their "effe cts, Mr. 
Lawes merits recognition as one o 
idea formed fro 
[eH 
e mos 
Nor Mer ? 
by 
. Lawes ia E experimental and analytic depart- 
ea of his labou: 
Mr. Lawes appears to 
the Vim “OF re) rey in 1841-2 ; bis 
is 
verlook the lar 
ilbert, the able Sadinten of 
have made his first essays in 
their fakes (184 
po. 
mencement 
sher A al supplies (as well for foli as for Brit 
tion) had attained to the enormous rate 0 
43 35,000. ioni per annum. Of Sba 
d b third was retained for use in the United 
Kin It may i interest agricultural readers to 
FIE C E 
ei 
E 
4 
Zg 
ct 
æ 
o 
cor 
A 
wa 
E 
» 
UY 
on the success of ee, experiments to hav e begun. 
t Deptfo: 
ept n 1843. Many simil 
the reguiar 
ano t 
paes ranged iwa 107, an 
agnitude. 
Mr, [Me € 8 favoured the reporter with the follow- 
in ip itéreiing particulars as to the most recent and 
improved mode of manu facturing superphosphate, its 
a flood of light, as 
ant to the fat $ hat which E: eal 
cessively received, in er days, from the luminous | 
minds of Lavoisie =N tery, 
Tk odern H History o of Manures.—The Dens given kA 
ts Sap. PRN 
kin 
he The sini materials are first ground toa very 
works have since sprang up, and the manufacture has 
himsel 
"20 
nce that time it has slightly 
pa ow je at abo 
ach in Manures.—The 
mand aie presents itself, theref ore, in two aspects; 
the one advantageous, the other detrimental to man 
oer powder by mill-stones; the powder 
up by means of elevators, gn discharged continuously 
into o a long iron NUS "à ves c esie aen ng 
within it wi ith g veloci ant stre 
traceable in the registry of British patents, 
-— in 10 yea - which followed its Ania | 
t 
me end as dry powder, npe the mixture 
[rm out at the o other rpg in the fori n of a thi ck m ud, 
ie, between 1 
wh, processes aai po. were enrolled ; ; being 
six times as in 10 years, as had 
1 three to Tiy through 
the | machine. The quantity turned out by ms a 
all preceding ren since patents were Bod granted. 
aio 1 the next five years this manurial movement | 
vt Ba an accelera rati [^ han 96 
cm having been registered between 1850 and 1855. | 
e lowering of the dame ^ for r patents, which occu rred | 
on th is resul 
achine is jab out 100 tons daily. The 
fluid m covered piti 10 to 12 feet deep 
each of sufficient e size to hold the DEZ of the day's 
work. It becomes tolerably solid in a few hours, but 
of penguins) from 
e T as wo e fossil phos 
he bosom of the Nu and the apis 
(by + successive intervention of seaweeds, “fish an 
the depths of the ocean, are evide! 
uch treasure fairly won from nature for tl 
legitimate buscas aw of manking Even - 
- M of r nes and bone-ash, "TS 
anted as ^x save sg wild cattle, to fer | th 
pee ‘fields of the populous old TOM ns be acco 
a legitimate commerce. Bu undary Tine 
overpassed, and the manure teile ott abnorma! 
when bones are withdrawn from one populous counir, 
retains a high tempeidit for weeks, yid even months, 
=e Ean bed, 
“The 
country whose soilis impoverished. In the end ‘knit 
omposition ofa superphosphate 
The patent cupis since 1855 are not arate md 
; but t he napa to state, in general 
and inven i ie in "this 
ai 
a word, several pene forms o 
Md hatie, and alkaline— former! 
away as worthless 
These the (— e patentees propose to subject to 
various processes, mechanical, physical, and chemical; 
h as, for example in the case of liquors, to 
concen. 
sed to deco 
ni pose the whole: vat the phosphate ‘ot rem the product 
would be xad t to be n bags, and 
that about "E is arron fro 
st | bone-earth, or a Fes 
uali ty. 
[me liue bones, may be nea as meis : 
pem phosphate . 
nsoluble hos phate 
Water 
ear of lime 
matter 
ap 
PEL TM 
trogen 0. 75 to "s 5 cent. 
“If suffi sulphuri com- 
would 
eie 
ofa 
m purely Rer phosphate from 4. to 
annually worked up into 
at pets Mx. nee. estimates 
m the deposits of fossil 
flat 
h 
rphospha' in Grea 
Mig Lata wot 
os- ness with 
in the exportation c of ph 
many, for instance, grow! 
less corn, her purchasing power for foreign goods, £ 
French x bs e s pr E mine ga eit 
pia re ye France ot 
ipei is, thereon, but. ‘Maser et z robs à 
rer rai 8 80i rtilise h 
r 
ich squanders 
— (lb gotten Boy ill-spent) down her innu 
erable sew: 
et 
z 
z 
© 
hates, drawn from heir sll! 
of t he English. folds. Pise 4 
sevi e- iefly 
from South A mal char fra Ger! 
and bones my all pe vor the worl, together s supply 
material ; bius 
ion by boiling down, or precipitation by chemical | 
agency; in the case of solid residua, to crushing, 
other process of comminution; d E 
remain O per cent. of the total supply i is m ~ 
by pear (chietly of the less nitrogenous an rae 
phosphatic kinds) with a little apatite (say 200 to 500 
i passionate 
E 4 
warning | is couched in terms of alm 
gm 
ngla d (he exclaims) is robbing all 
- ea conditions of their fertility. 
or bones, she aha wr Lm a= 
ing, 
chemical ae Rei werfal solve 
alkaline, ccordi m, ee sieh t 
certain percentage iu pen 
with a view to profit by the ig re 
* The 
to torrefaction by fire ; ; | not appear to be a oh ile of indifference. 
in 
restored toa 
form in which they [bones soil 
T Jan For the more finely 
pe ea 
that 
uted on 
repair et disteuetty oh 
SE have 
e icon 
d aMis to Agriculture and 
does | ske 
1 nations, “without a thought of justice to 
without a sh —À last pectet antage to , 
wit is impossi proce to € & such 
iniquitous interference with the Divine order 
world should escape its rightful or pense 
may perhaps oricialio Engla and ev 
Most tsar 7 iu awal 
nd coal w 
e 
Kane she robs, ae 
when all ber riches of gold, i 
Nor is the detriment thus occasioned confined to the - 
Y 
rA ema 
