May 14, 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 469 
- - benüti b uu ee 
I have used many tons of it, and continue its use. S d and no sooner had great portions of the leaves Lim ing pro gti. May op mae] m an s to the 
ol 
i orbed carbonic acid than they set about the work of 
aude eoe M valuable. All cake is improved | * ANIME its form, assimilating the ben, man: sexe aint it | development of the le afy part ot the green crops was the 
i ar, and ot ilati 
Ci 
value by keep „gu more Ss 
as to quality, submit a ER to Professor Way or | vegetable productions, throwing o fat he sa ^K 4 o 4 c Soi 
y Sm a ro icd eg p! aes tetas g ; ui ul app at first sight, and so they e judge perhaps 
- i i bed b 8 miacal 
h- eormion, ar- to ite value and quality. The NL It was mr pe at bees gei io eir - took place be direct : : psor Mangels. I 
P tako. plai re that i l nder certain conditions 
nutritive quality of the seeds indicates how exhau tive | sun light ; The. refle cted r ay and was p ain therefore that 
oil to which their Nahin are diffused light Hon amanlo ofí effec ing th si 
Epiri iis T : 2 
s nts mi = 
ed. I ha rmers 
bave been very extensively victimised by the purchase | rpo tion which naturally a dva 
of hard, indigestible, and unw olesome cake. In one|mind of e. nal observer um the 3 
se the so-called Rape cake contained 4 large quantity | acid was the chief sou fe whence plan i i i 
of irritating Mastand amd other sands , which killed a carbon was this ma Sera nic iod. n the atmosphere | 48 was often the case in sandy soils, vanen matters were 
g” sufficient to meet all s requirements not only of plants M d enl en 
great many y valuable sheep. growing in an po cultivated state, but of plants ure d nt t benefit as a rule root crops—that sucaiphiocls ammonia was 
^ ion?” t i i E 
chemist will det ect such impositions. _ Linseed. cake " o Stood MEM condition dE E air | sufficient in those cases, they had to be careful how they 
ry often mi in a 
: : ere anything bu r accor 
other cheap ingredients, Good Cotton and Rape-cake De Saussure's accu nd precise determinations of the | instances. 
should not contain more than 15 per cent. of husk, | amount. there were only about four parts in every 10,000 
à i A the: ^; ^ " 
- J. Mechi, May, 1864. pei ie a eo x. jim hda not: “he niii te say that the | Were other instances in fe those manures were wanted 
i m 4 to 5 parts of car y. How necessary i 
id = rex ne bra , Pinto ee the matters. And how ny 
en the 
Fo reign Correspondence pr tend eat “lett Pr. e AE ER ds beautiful with general pel nanai like those which 
: May 5.—The eee is the ac. or rr mT 
Inter ational trial of steam , driven towards the leaves of the plants—when they further con- | ™ 
district Loire in ans T sari on ae sidered that there was no other source from whence plants | tical men. Thes 
th of A d ^ and nant he | them to practice was anothe here were 
: ere 
id in the sphere ent for yes : 
Herr Lotz, of Nantes. The three first oniy came up, | most plants. Thisi?ea did not Jmibis the i oben, that car. | Sufüciently minutely carried out in all tagr aetna pra 
iwi "n not tit to serve the farmer as rules to guide him 
ee 
the two latter being absentees. The following is the | bonaceous m matters in the soil were most essential for certain rations 
ward of the i of th a ares d | Puri 
rd g in hich I 
A 01 Medal the Marquis de Ponci d ird Pri ze B I 1 sufficien of tha description in the atmo: here, 
Vi to gisa Soap d 1 SIDE y ndin the atmos. had ffi t food of that Sp! 
oy Z, with Br onze Medal, to M. Gann phere, re w 
Societies. cereal crops ed ‘net an ende - e ml (great measure ape 
necessary 
ROYAL AGRI cro ot dwell, bu 2 passed on pA evened effect 
c AL O b peia "m tin the hu Yr t of the atürospltire: od vegetation. The Moe pn cum e had 
s 4 e ca 
At the Meeting held in the Roo e "the s Society i ne Shape ofa on Eu that the hi ines acted ime asa hitherto made all tended to show the direc t influence which 
Hanover Square, on Wednesday, "May 11, Professor | source - iaceo to roots, or whether it was because the | thea nd ts, re 
VOELCKER read a Lecture on the AZ tmospheric Nutri- . | hmm Es Ad eaters ey Aig erg tre prs geni a jon might pe led tho indir M O e ah E. term. 
ri h ^ p! 
tion of Plants. Mr. r. Raymond Barker presided. [ramen contin for th carbonic sme undone Med. They | au eat as the direcc effect, for although they might 
Professor V. by saying :— had no very distinct E n nor were they easily insti- food to plants adition org i 
w y such that the plants could not grow, the food itself was of 
Pec =. air miries [like those which had been made from | plants, But this was certainly known as a fact it was an no avail. „Now, the indir ay 
MÀ me uit ga gt oF planta ind a ooking might inge. one, that the air in the soil itself oats « very ; 
oser | m f 
into the » it would be found that question: vital testis i^ sia T ne opem matter how much food there might be otherwise ed in 
to tl (Winnie. te emp c uron the Some years ago M. Boussingault made some very careful and pa - were constantly brought under his notice of 
with respect to such theoretical | interest soils sen i pra - i erised 
uiries. He would remind them of the controversy that had e rs oid g epe oat ofa NT [reni wa arto mes ri unproductive, but which turned out to co aoe rp ger of 
d n Y ge 
allt ineral constituents edidi. es the f plants, 
à nich required only to be thoroughly nitus by the 
air in aea] na furnish an unlimited quan ity ot food. kis he 
xerci: ABELA 
into condi: 
hensions Would not he oA e ntertained pei y D. A in . or PEU He had alluded to the la: uantities carbonic acid 
zs Le and the rapid decomposition which through contract e large q M 
Tho o iristod a a the way in which plants took up th with the porous earth had taken place in organic ehe had present in the air which was naturally contained in the soil, 
mus t| “the ben xri been si exposing T annihilated, fo for led to the destruction of the humus and the formation of | but this could not be produced unless the air found its way 
its Uu S | large quantities of carbonic acid. This threw somo light |into the soil. An excess of organic „iu the shape of 
w e startling especi 7 eed that 
w 
a 
a 
2E 
E4 
HE 
Pt 
d 
7, 
p 
3 
H 
Pr 
j 
Ez 
E 
z 
3 
B 
o 
a 
8 
g 
8 
3 
BR 
E 
i] 
@ 
E 
5 
R 
i 
z 
8 
H 
& 
H 
pos bo eni mih len gth papers on. the PONAS pung, Turni aR after a good shower of rain if the | easily penetrated by air, an 
Bde as it had been called—papers aih s Berd land ps bein weh dunged, na” rain expelling "the rapid | matter, were decidedly improved by burning away altogether 
ose who bad pes any prec i bonic acid in the soil. They looked in that matter. At first sight this would appear a great waste 
to mention, that there was he | la: * t e "yn lii rper Th: 
was nothing he |large quantities through the medium of their roots, It tained respecting the utility of bu - cre were some 
^ X ti atmospheric F antec of plants that mei i p M crops, to furnish them at an ini Soils so difficult to penetrate by air that the organic matter 
Boustingwale i matters in ers of 
ia Endo, and in ‘France and of it omen of etfect | 
t appeared res this quantity was sufficient for the requirements of plants. should ta take it was most essential that the soil should be 
AK, niom an elem They pursued a very extensive series of ex pisii ergens bearing | penetrated by the air—that after growing ot 
was not meri the mm upon this matter, and from them it followed that whilst mà Clover immedi 
ic morean indirect influence in ihe were some plants which might find a sufficient quantity of | the better the soil was worked by proper machinery the sooner 
^ direct one. The plants resto nitrogen in the shape of ammonia or nitric acid in the atmos. | the Clover ley was en up, the 800 eric air 
Osphere, They npe up - inerant p phere in order to grow luxuriantly, there were others which | entered the soil, the more rapidly were the nitrogenous con- 
tse tao sd uch as | were decidedly benefited if in addition to heri i e roots royed, more abuni 
ERR oxygen from the x "hieb t they | ammonia or nitric acid, they were supplied through the | the nitrates found in the soil. 
we! 
ration. As was well known, | medium of the soil with an Yom tional quantity, either | had been well penetrated 
often i the carbonic acid which, | of ste nem À salts, nitrates peia m attele pro- | nitrates were not invariably present. So much with regard to 
nok: Ce eee they absorbed during the | ducing on gradual Aictsinpiatiliea either nitric acid or | the indirect influence of the atmosphere c the nutrition of 
now such abundan A. this part of his subject, | ammonia. plants. 
t proof that it was chiefly the It was well known that the cereal crops were more| Tne indirect influence of the air on mineral matters 
Word tee siibplied the carbon ofthe | than any others benefited by ammoniacal” fertilizers, | was also most important, especially in the case ot clay soils. 
e pl the great bulk of all | whilst those plants that were not in the same manner Clay soils in many cases contained an abundant store of 
d al pear fourths etalk Poste. by, “ho, amtinninoal fertilisers were those which they eve ean epe agrum essential as atmospheric food 
plan! e habit o E. anao. crops. An interesting | to e growth of plants, UN eee HA 
daytime the Pod took Biase inquiry arose as to how it was that the cereal crops were locked up condition, in which it was of little or no avail to the 
