gsersuper 17, 1864.) 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 
or of active or extinct volcanoes, The Spot 
late years by the experiments and observations of 
of labour among his own at E and 
vice e. nien] them in Britai 
the 
of E e had come to t con las usion that durin, 
vastly Y P the crust of the 
erdt i. e., in the ti wall animals 
(and their fossil Tn ntless on) 
belonged P invertebrate life, ed dei in all ast wed 
periods n hes with bac swam in the then 
seas, Des i ke, and beneath the 
reveale dt o us or three species of a co: 
ds. T 
weeds. 
v e they issue, t, Daubrée, Delesse, Scheerer, Sorby, Sterry 
sain i and antiquary, was lonely and desert when | Hunt, and others. The changes which Daubrée has 
s first landed in this island, but in a fow shown to harp been 4x uced by the alkaline waters of 
Plombiéres, rna Vosges, are more especially in- 
eie province, On the do structive. "Thes mal waters have a temperature of 
, from "hib. DES bs white 160° Ba ahr wrap a os conveyed by the Romans to 
vapour rose into the air. There first was the sp uits or aqueducts. The foun- 
jath-room built. On the slopes and su mits of the | dations of som o1 thei ir works consisted of a be 
picturesque hills in ba. neighbourhood j^ many a | concrete made ot lime, fragments of brick, and sand- 
Roman villa. Dr. Daubeny has remarked, that nearly | stone. Through | this : and other masonry the hot water 
all the 1 most celebrated hot SPEARS. at. Er ope, such eai 
all foun 
‘ious zeolites, spar, and siliceous minerals, 
var 
in the The 
announced iu i still older seks voted, he pea 
ind the Pyrenees, ue Pis un in glam ae e of the | bricks and mortar to the — low order of ainak, and the very of 
since the days of the Mam for many of them still | quantit naden nse, or daw. n of Ca nadian lito, “really 
retain as gre heat as is tolerab human | the course of 2000 years i, no doubt, been enormous, t 
body, and yet when employed by the ancients they do ome gh the intensity of it developed at any one|we are ever likely to obta 
seem to have required be firs down ment been always inconsiderable. The study of The sectional meetings poU on Thursday. 
ly artificial mea »- This uniformity of tempera- ie years of the constituent p granite has, i I ———À 
re, maintained i me places for more than 2000 | like manner, led to the conelusion that their consolida- HARD HOUSES. 
bns together with "the [o ger in the volume ot|tion has taken place at tures far below those n 
e water, ao never varies Ke — as in| formerly su d to be ispensable, But some| Trs is 4th year of my orchard-house culture, 
ordinary s s, the ` identity - alio the mineral | geologist ade awa he intervention, on a | and I ca iral say the 14th of unvarying yen ced 
n gredient "which century after centr, are held by | large scale, of water in the formation of the component pleakdrablð cultivation. During - peri uel 
ach spring in solution, are striking facts, and they | minerals o ranitic and volcanic rocks, appear of | been Said for Lo" po this mos — *^ of 
fempt us irresistibly to speculat the deep subter- | Ja ques to have been "^ disposed to dis | g rtificial climate prejudice has as 
ranean rees both of the heat and mineral matter. | pense with intense heat when end g for the th een very active, and 
ow long has this uniformity prevailed? Are the formation of the crystalline ^g os ratified rocks. even | now sways some really good perdunt, for it is 
springs really ancient 1 «gm o the earth's| As co bination “enters largely | but a few gd since hy! i reri of a very skilful 
m ne H e =e the course sent yea and|into the aluminous and some other min erals, an shown a house fuli 
therefore „Plays no small part i in the composition. of of healthy trees, K i - - o a? "—meauing orchard- 
t independently of the supplies $ 
| ter which find their way into the 
regions ‘ot subterranean heat. But the 
3. 
existe tence of 
wall trees in id we n Fe 
blossoms in March, den pro hé uibhe to have a goo 
crop he also says, * no other mode of culture can equal 
» 
ontrasted with t 
of human ee 
It. has been decal that the 
Pyrenees, the Alps, and many chal regions. are recanted 
in lines along which the rocks have been rent, and 
es faulted.” 
our ir attributing an excessively high temperature to tot the 
Be men have always existed in me and their 
with which it is mixed e Sti Il less 
imilar dislocations in the solid crust of the earth are | mass 
generally supposed to have determined the spots where point to which the melted matt 
dh wl pone voleanoes have burst forth. Ano ther before it —R or erystallises ipto lava or elt 
nye of the dr e of heat which the same 
th ES - when " elted and 
regions where > an be p occur from time mado to o form lakes- da seas in the interior of the 
to time, e learn from Bunsen riments on 
occasionally attain the boiling temperature. e Great Geyser in Toeland, gm at the depth of ouly 
he quantity of solid as well as gaseous matter trans- Tit. se the bottom Ei na tube, a column of water may 
ferred by springs from the ae in of t ate of r AA yet possess a heat of 120° 
8 more considerable than is Ac ay send Centigrade, or m3 Fahrenheit. What, then, may not 
i mal waters of Bath vater be at th ' dep th of a few 
thousand feet? It might soon attain a white heat | ri 
so 
-— pressure. 
assin ng from I springs to a mq: s he has no 
pe I find Th 
riod, wh idt was observed Was 
thie Y 
t ght a ti i 
o be jeg for what can be more per 
well-appointed *nobleman’s garden with fine ne wi alls "well 
nisbed with tr Peacheries, Pineri ies, and Vineries ? 
NE is done well, and success is perfect. A good gardener 
educated under such circumstances feels that nothin 
more is wanted, and accordingly looks down with a 
n all o i 
erely to give yo 
ea f soda, " and the chlorides of 
ise at ET e other Fiere "E which 
they contain, NE "golidifie would fore. 
ye square co column 9 feet in lens 
than 140 feet in height. 
conveyed by a stream of f Tepid water, in an invisible 
form, to the Avon, and by 
The temperature of the Bath water varies n the 
different springs from 117? to 120° F. This is 
exceptionally high, when we MASH 
distance of Ux € arto est region of 
— 
of f lim 
active or | 
recently extinct volcanoes, on of violent jac gdskes. | 
Mae hot springs of Aia Chap elle havea much hig her | 
op 
All this matter is "sew gnietly Sir 
ress 
the ibis of t ands 
e | known non-e: sak deben Er "d 2d nd deve- | 
E of snow and ice being 
ave made in e mode X: cu 
myself ies at least s of yon 
terested in my yis 
wai nearly the same, wa 
hariak.. rell lladed in conclusion to regard to the form of firaitasel called 
€ points a gradual change of opinion has | there are two, the lean-to and the span-roofed. 
e taking ydo: T ge pees of late years. First, | For a few years I was x3 successful in growing good 
6 whether there has ontinuous succession d Peaches and Nectarines n low lean-to ond and I 
seen some fine trees full of 
even s in the on ic me inorganic world ninte: 
upted by violent aud 
secondly, whether clear oye 
peri ipa an 
ence can 
ral catastrophes; and, 
be obtained o 
tecede nt to the creation of organic PR fx 
fruit in 1854 i n the pode f Mr. T. Bewley, at Rock- 
ville, near Dubl n, grown in 
with boards. end i n e tdt; 
theea 
eof“ Anea thus eras xh first 
rature—viz., 135° F., 
m pow of Sas ‘cones and lava streams of the 
Bae transitions gode One set 
of sp ‘species X. enr - plants to another of a very 
ami 
I soon found that much care was required to keep 
trees in h in such houses, and so turned to the 
rm, whic ,8s aru ule, D believe to Bye 
may have spent their force ages 
belong, neve 
and 440 from Auvergne—a 
eo! al period. Bath is| = ve 
iles distant from the same part of Germany, | regarde yA 
aother e the | 
i 
gent map o y coeval with E 
d 
the 
o the 
ne 
anded down to 
re no han 
ye dai Is ed with Mr. vatur in 
cci i — as a mere fraction of those. which 
ow 
facility a which low lateral Aee BeAT À gel 
essen nti al of orc chard house c culture—can be carried out. 
ave onog e 
formed original A it having never bee 
f 
tho: the Eifel. 
of his city, shows nu merous lines of fau 
ment of the rocks, and o one o of these [a EROR an the 
Ih 
he Bath springs, like most other 
thermal w: mark the site of pre great onvalsin 
Rui fracture which took place in the crust of the earth 
ormer r period— perhaps not ; very re tsi. one, 
tae. don that t 
ere springs are, for the most part, charged je 
alkaline and other hig lubl i Fab 
Ri aus and operation 
ave e | ration: 
t to leave a complete tue. 
the 
al beings who mak study them in after age 
ther 
| Iu reference to the o 
e disco. 
art 
all 
enlightenment of | x hors healt 
8. 
great question, the „earliost 
this th 
umerous s are thus rw m and all 
are without roof ventilation. able 
some rules with she bed 
es 
o red spider ever 
thy o 
than those cultivated hdi 
nd dry 
appearance, even during the hot a 
| making its 
pl anet, 
a 
| ini d of vital phenomena on 
in Cauada have : least redeo: 
eui theories fo n Eur 
| evidence kw alingetber” delusive. 
geological survey, c! d 
| of a T 
| able direction of Sir igni 
rule, 
, 
= many 
copper, as well as of tin n, platinum, lead, 
th waters | 
others, a slight trace of copper in the Ba 
Fang, Ne 
vertheless, there is a strong pre- | 
ti 
Karo} ropo or : one 
RE NN t here exist exis! s gd 
and the fillin g of rents 
with geti ores. Nw springs, pero with 
carbonic acid and with hydro-fluoric acid (wh ich last i M 
it, kod aa e undergone ncm 
ion and chemical reaction i in la stand olde 
e bodies o 
od depths, 
es s operndice i in mn a 
wich er pena de therefore, 
hot water ntain masses. T 
they may in the po "of age 
pe. structure ; and i 
may 
ered, ret aining their fossil remains undeface 
Wu meee rocks are rendered amor 
y 
EM si terally 
rroundin: ha 29 
thermal og 
ases strata a 
a: compara tively 
hat 
— dy 
he — 
rysta 
more uu tinn, ir Gest foniferou iais 
which t| m primordial had 
i" - cae € u 
sera gc is to the ancient [enm of 
fossiliferous p socalled pores rocks which = 
The amount of ventilation required yf ] v es o 
different widths is as follows:—A span-roofed house 
e iege wide (no house should Ye of en width) should 
nuous shutter 1 foot wide on each side 
a p 
at the didnt kid from 
n feet Sieb to the po e. A span-roofed 
of|10 to 1 
from 18 to 20 feat mis gerd ened a a athe 
shutter 
hanse 
feet rU 
A house 40 
In all these Sov 
ve 2 ( 
wide have one X feet wide. 
s, to ben made to open 
should 
the shutters x p 
J 
"n Ł +} 1 € 
ed, containing organic 
These fossils have been examined by Dr. Daw 
Montreal, or he has d 
microscope, t 
E bizoned un calle 
ave been sone’ to Bath by Sir Wm. 
oma ose t 
are included. are of as ol 
d Eozoon desine Eds. À of whie 
mains. 
son, of 
detected in ag DD = rf the | advant 
es of | wit ide fro 55 feet in w 
gan. Wehav 
he rocks in which these | la! Er 
* s 
| ontaide and JEN t hav 
roofed a. 40 feet wide, a vi am not ware oe 
e to be derived from so Ages struc 
or 3} feet wide, 
J 
nsa 
Zw s a ls 
"ag 
