SEPTEMBER 17, 1864] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 901 
Og ag | has 42 i His produce is— | peewit and starling, for some time fed constan tly in 
31 ac eat, 5 qrs. at 50s. | 1 £4 the surrounding Turnip fields, nd where they congre- — 
| ANI NE Ree the most there was the greatest abundance of| m,e Present Position and Future P. TTP 
of W 
21 imu of Bar le ey, 5 Vo p s tns LA gate ion a 
Deductirg 305. for ri e ++ 0 £9 10| sickly Turnips, and numbers of these caterpillars. The Agriculture, A oa: mors by R. C. Cha 
i i Farmers' Club, at their 
3I. 10s. for labour, Fem oe K JR E A 
Leaves a profit of 2l. 2s. 6d, per acre eyo 1399099 | Stowe a m e 
first meeting on June 23. H. Wright, New Stree E 
Birmip bor 
= good wo ork wit th t the Plover and Starling ; but of late, 
Total 
The labour in all three cases is supposed to iude | any, 'although the dathepillars are now fine large fat 
the fallow; I have assumed the expenses of the fallo ow | fellows. Perhaps the birds are digo and tired of | The por subject bios reden. ec a s bee ^ 
crop, as well as a the food and attendance on the | feeding so long upon one dish, or this insect may be so anat ate SM ni "n xm r compe ext P 
stock, to be repaid and not more than repaid by them | abu ndant | that these birds a are in less flocks, and Roy l AR cz s roviy o A 6 ie Ta ORTDA: 9 a 
(see p. 732). I ave p 10s. an acre more fi districts. My own Turnips were, L| eye den d isty, and 5 f ton's review of 
extra threshing, hoeing, c a chaff- ise, ory rein the earliest around, and s eon come in for n in his PR re t "The ocie x A ^ 
Rem the 4th ale ud = till makes a very good | the first benefit these most valuable farmers them comprehensive. ence t dlor dum 
The only imped eI rie w to his system | bestow. W. Wooler, e Sadberge, Darlington ept. markets, free trade, societies, s relation o iodi r ane 
being ‘generally followed, ‘besides | the before: mentioned | Caterpillars. —I have b ery much interested by |* tenant, have thus all been discusse fh B prese f h 
ant of capital, " nian” upon these creatures in | pamphlet Mr. Chawner discusses the influence of the 
for the necessary quantity of stock required; but this, Australi from which 1 atre that roots a other | Hadownet pad ih the one of his Chg pag ae pres 
like drinne rity other permanent improvements, would | crops attacked in that distar it region b; ub | HO the farmer—the proprie tending 
onca be met if $ 3 Ton: dioi crop eui, the subject of ile in ae P 
Bow Ne | the position of the agricultural labourer, The follow- 
and all other produc qm and manu Meere M or bises it has been so-called acclimatised | Ing are extrac all these points :— 
purchased. It matters not foe" my pali t how thi his hence; anyhow, I hope the attem mpt to introduce 1. The Power of the Landlord ft t be 
is proc ocured, the ne — E that E: every og rook into that colony will be successful, and if & t that what has done man can do, let us turn 
b e lan ond what I have | caterpillar food is as abundant as des -_ d, I should for a brief moment to consider the power of a land- 
(y of the soil, 5 lb. | look upon success as almost certain. le tes the way improv 
of er aad must = intro Nel d. We have seen that | or caterpillar in this district has attac kad every plant | m mple shall be taken from Mr. Sidue ney’s 
No. 4 does this on his farm ; I think we may gather | io ufficient suc a young Stramonium planta; idol in MM * Quarterly Review,’ befo ie referred to. 
Hei is apes speaking of the - me ge better 
k Coke used 
fi 
ato haulm, mes roots of all cwm — this s at the 
In above cousiderations on the Condition of et just below the seii he is oke of Norfo 
Ben. os and, I have pur — om d all mention a Me dee eeper, perhaps preparatory to ‘entering the pupa | pri the condition of his ptes by this aks 
lir iming, boning: gs. &c. I am aware there are many par ate ; one blade of 
ti i food „but may be found „quietly ensconced in deep holes | Gra: r. Coke’s estate required baina and yar 
but as s regards t them I have no experience and seen pe tubers of Potatos and in | and pir uses fit for first-clas : he agooniat 
new to suggest, and with reference to them the the} bottoms of the larger bulboid Turn rnips and Mangels. | leid out above 100,000/. in aye yam in tens o 
pone usually introduced into the leases of those |** Tasmanian” rng = t a favourite food of the er offices, In dealing with „those wh o farmed ui 
are sufficient to d ag rotect V ameen of the | caterpillar ^ e Hog-grass (Polygonum } own tilla md 
diferent parties. When we come to der Condition | vulgare). ipe in aplend a plant some- He raised his rental to more thousands a year than it 
d, these mineral manures ae ill times. called Ahri ione, which in the midland | was hundr ver enin he inherited the estate, - = 
q I t pl: J. B. y the name of Fat-hen, and in th s tenantry into the barga 
west by that o ]bum) d that tive 
which is possibly identical with the Australia d; |as that of a e who devoted i life.to ane im- 
Hom Shion hectare if so, it is curious to note that in a plot of S provement of his property: the wealth, nevertheless, 
Unev » Germinatio Swedes and p angels.—In | my own farm this plant was very abundant, d ei which accrued to himself was the smallest "^ of the 
Swede ne Mangel hoeing and regulating during the pam ite ar E caterpillar for this Cheno in. He was i tor on a mighty 
unusually dry season of ‘this sum not m more e so, t than for aye roots. "e | scale, and was the cause, i. tly and indirect 7 
soil i i is t sp th t specific identifi " n and cattl of bee f a 
in the rows — he as tle disturbed as possible, | our spec atero — Mr.W 1 kindl t b d b 
and tbis because I felt sure that germination would | us upon this matter? I have ars turned out 32 ! et have already ene to the deri seri 
take place on the occasion of sufficient moisture. It is | these creatures, averagin g about 2 ea in iita of tenure, and I may here remind you that a step in 
then not a little pig ng as showing how dry the | from a single Belgian vas nak. Potatos here are | the right direction has been recently taken by the 
soil has been rei for me months on the one — bore d with the grub, and s oile d to the same sep as | Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire, a nobleman whose 
hat tl d bl they forme erly Thes vages are | conscientious dis pec of his public duties makes him 
state that now the rain “has come, in a of Swed b- | an example to every man in his county. e are 
and Mangels in allernate bands of eight. rows, each | eating birds seti serai e seared. b Buckman, | promised as the result of his labours, a model agree- 
sown on the 17th and 18th May, and in a crop of| Bradford Abbas. t between owner an pier, I little 
Swedes sown as late as June 10th, plants of both kinds} The a ‘System. e ur leading article of the doubt eren such t will bea i 
are making their appearance every day. Of course in | 3d you noticed my letter to he Times mes on the subject of | ment upon th ad run of agreements now in use, 
both cases their germinating now is of little or no m— trials of implements, nd remark that alth hough | At the same time w acai remember that such agree- 
. advantage, but had the rain come a month earlier | my fi ill b e, wit aps, a covenant 
it might have been different; still, it is curious to | took the first prize for a sheafing reaper, : and although | giving a rione itas: tha an six months? notice to quit; 
observe ranks Bit filled up by newly sprung A omit this Haere of declari: 
seed intermixed with bulbs of more than a foot in|comparative uselessness of these local competitions. my conviction tbat the bes t an agreement w. 
circumference. As regards the growth of my roots this | Nothing can be more correct as regards such | the cialis. wit and experi Diet man shall devise 
year—and I am bet tter off the an mos st of my neighbours * iq ics 3 — are to be taken as deciding | must of necessity ba an insuficient subssitute—a 
merits of t| case be a 
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e respective — bat Í apology—for a long lease. ‘If t| 
in those fields wl Itivati t t ltiplied to any extent, if, like | commercial principles alone,’ says E i Tibpse i in his 
this I tak better epera ‘sor ploughing matches, they are held simply as trials | able paper, ‘the advocates of leases have the best of 
of manures yi soll iod the Dedi dit of a finer | of skill amongst the persons owning and using them. | the apes and eee ce in ‘the bern run this view 
and more even *tilth"—thus affording ded for | It isa an ^ matter for a few persons, however honest | of the r will p I rejoice to be able at 
capillarity upwards, and the more ready absorption of and experienced, to affix the stamp of superior t f 
atmospherie moisture— conditions, t Beer a upon | excellence to any mechanism after a „trial of a few statesman as the resent Lord I Stanley. When presiding, 
which, if followed out to all their consequences, will perhap —— oy RA icultural Benevolent 
lead to the conclusion that deep ploughing, winter Institutio! e used these words— 
cultivation, and an intimate admixture of materials, out the (ian of quem ann like the fta pem. ‘and I, for aye own scs do not hesitate to say that T 
whether of common farmya ung or artificials, are wish every y had a lease," 
three of the chiefest points in root.growing-— points | when the whole trial is regarded. as a friendly — 2. The Education of the Farmer.—“ His occupation is 
upon which I shall hope soon to report the It hick t an ancient and a noble one; but in these days the 
= J. ep cordi he Abbas, |of machinery popular not only i must be, to a certain extent, an educated 
— These verely attacked and the labourers using tbem. To show how much has | man, = » aspires to that position in society to which 
i till t is all „other respects —À entitled. And 
ssary to remo Mee earth ad any a vede | reaping machines, I will pres vith the English 
which is roel ly checke n its growth, a man by no means without intelli farmer. In Scotland, happily, for years past, has pre- 
two, three, or more caterpillars will be fal from | gence, who recently wished ps borrow of f education, of which advan- 
4 to 14 inch in d I took three on the 17th of ciis for cutting 2 arg s, “the eis] Med red or | tage the occupier “of the uem and the labourer have 
August from a root; one about half an inch, a second which he could u yd on his farm, his — were | availed themselves ; and in the ve ax rior position of the 
about thr ree quarters, and a Bis eit sf inch long ; | always ad heavy i o much laid, d," and who was | Scotch farmer, as regards dr may recoguise 
them mall box, fed them with portions of | very much surprise EA told t a score 2 men | truth of the maxim ‘that ovine few is power. i 
MARS of the Turnip ie ha d fed u pn fortiros vilina few r miles Prac they ai evi i zx 
and then, as an tfe nd ing and laid, 
the chrysalis state, desisted (Ni t food. Their machinery this season. Contrast this with America, 
voracity was considerable, for the alt withered lat | where the labourer, before engaging himself to a 
stalk was completely consumed by them in a few how , | looks ca: refully dv; the implement — | there 
and as the perfect insect or moth which 1 be hired if any of the usual labour-saving tools are | cultivator of the soil a special training, to which he 
not known, it is mie and i mporta ant to endea- | not preteen Iwill not in this Jett € enter into | mus vv rii — increasing attention. Within the 
vour to force Nature to expedite her work of develop- the merits of the prize system when administered | las a great amount of attention has been 
ment. Therefore the two best I suffered to be without | nate E most favourable conditions, as b ced | pia Ww y sclentifie men to what I may here call * The 
food for nearly three weeks oer their life seeming | Royal Agricultural veter i we England; my opinio! | Natural Laws of per agp that being the title of 
to be at all endangered, ie ig their plumpness was | the vol whe M r r not, is well kno Baron Liebig’s last work. Now, — expecting an 
abated. Thinking the starv g had been applied too Like se of the firm peti n the maniche | accurate knowledge . ot chemistr try oi other sciences 
early i in their age and growth, 21 too! k some more cater- z gredi implements, T "m fought har age hole life, we do 
that the results of other men’s labours and 
— e gai an excellent stvertneniony | raath: will be studied, and will be understood = 
the incontest table atapi of pp Per 
"ES 
a 
PP iach. long fellows, - placed t 
the former ones, dnd so e Swede Tarni 
and d be ecaut 
first lot soon commenced to feed, It is clear that ‘these | | assemblages as th hose e of t the Yorkshire, na | y meanir 1 
caterpillars, li] om ct any evils that may Fre om the soil E: receive the food ne ecessary 
abstinence from food withes their lives being endan- | arise out ot their more questionrtle accompaniments. e their vant nt; hence an acquaintance with its 
gered. Those most valuable farmers? friends, the! Bernhard Samuelson, Sept. 10, chemical and pbysical properties is important in helping 
