SEPTEMBER 24, 1864.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 915 
the Principle of Conservative Force to Physiology,” n happen , the hea& which it receives, and of a lyi ng it | nators, to judge from the dignified and respectable 
the “ 2p Journal of Science” for January ret as a constructive power to the building up of its fabrie are eee ome house, and other works com- 
the present year, w ede e|after its g eels type” (p. 87). There is hes pleted by them. Ia T particular about curators’ 
table and ey life; this —€— between the term and its gph ase, | houses atl the Pire oa of bot tanic gardens : they 
the resses a passive, the other an active ee rar ely up to the math i of wmodioacity. E curator’s 
Ap 
influen ien of this force on vege 
for a more popular summary, to the graphic ep y hg e exp 
the relation of the sun to life, contained in t! osing e Manchester Garden is one of the best I 
portion of Prof, Tyndall’s twelfth lecture. But ^ this “Ve getable substances, brought into contact with | tad Pr asi st pec eg immediately within the gates, 
summary occur th wing which, however | their beloved payee Me e mal body, will b uilding on the other side containing 
«vie in regard to the great principle they are | within it as a fire burns in t True; but that|a council room, perii room, à smal um, and 
to illustrate, might yet, I think, without | burning will be ferien tat nl corruption, unless| other necessary offices. The entrance gates at Kew, 
the i i 
tended ill » 
explanation lead t — reader into considerable | br Sao e ge the influence of the living parts of the | though good, are aye ital of pei P they bae 
with ard to some great biological facts; and body to say growth, not|in the Guide B t Glas he entrance 
building ; 3 [3 Na ing the > brain and the forest is a | respectable an Im Eois of the noble garden, but 
h must lea the ascent mind far | I cannot say so much for the extern d aspect of the 
which the work -—À. comma I think it necessary to rich from, = that science = as taught us. | dir i commodious and 
offer a a few observa built, in the ordinary le Ben ? of the | fortable in other respects. At Liverpool both entrance 
contains carbonic acid, and | ti o portion, no ‘single c cell, has been externally | and house are satisfactory. At Oxford the entrance is 
Mi oh surface ram living plants; the former is added A a living being ; everything has n out of | massive, ancient, and interesting, the cura r's house 
ihe nutriment of dw un The plant apparently | it, every new cell is gr radually compounded within a . At Edinburgh t i c i 
the combin d o tears them | livin ing cell. the curator’s house I can say nothing, as during my 
3 ti 
upon n whi ch ‘therefore, on account | of the high standi ing 
seizes the d carbo on an oxygen, he y not 
asunder, st th letting the oxygen | The plant aprerently seizes the combined cai visit it was undergoing extensive alterations. At 
go free. By no o special force, ferent in quality from | idi oxygen, tears them under, ut up the carbon | Belfast the entrance is paltry, but che curator’s house 
other forces, do plants ue M power: the real — letting’ the oxygen True; but it does much | is neat, and beautifully, though rather too conspicu- 
ls ery living being, animal or "regetable, afer ously situated. At the College Gardens, Dublin, there 
lifes tk p substances, agn t them, liberates at|are entrance gates in He noble iron railing which 
source, pamm or qnd animal life. In the | one ion (chiefly oxygen in the case of t tes th from the main road, but there is 
t vin 
„of all t e a mki 
animal body, vegetable ied are brought again | plants), and stores up & por tion. Of this portion some | no curator’s hou 
ine —- with their beloved o oxygen, and they burn | may be deposited unchanged in visible preg in| If there is one spo ot where a building should be more 
within This is the source various parts of the animal or plant, but some also d we: and dignified than another, it is 
f all d tl ther decomposition and dilution in to a a grea arden, , especially in a national one, and 
in kind se e which e^ in inorga: anie natur Jaye e hitherto concealed from our obse rvation, from why?  Becaus be surrounded by the 
the plant t the clock is wound up, in the Aital it run whic it emerges recombined, having already t dignified and beautiful übjecin on the face d ae 
down. In the plant the atoms are se aa in the | | peculiar i impress, definitely differing i in every species, í or M E "builders mee dà shield? and “ builde 
a go writer calls the noble Oaks ae 
hé sun “ rears, as I have said, ‘the w i to our senses, but evidenced by the forms the oble Bajs » Nast: of man that stands in 
world, and through it the animal. ae “ae e te pa he or plant ‘s Pompa to assume as it grows. their midst Add | be verent and unpretending, but 
eadow: antial i 
ti he t 
and the cattle upon a thousand. hills. He [mans avc and plants; both a rb, decompose, select, reject, and | us from being disgusted at the touch of art while 
QM 5 urges the bloo "M he builds the brain, His | recombine. An a ed ad what: a tree oo? admiring that of Nature. I have ] ately met with 
flee in the lio ‘fo ot; he springs in the but so also may one ; pi selec what I ly hid and hope 
Mid reta in bhi ong lid "Som ea are nei to do justice to them by and by. The dodge of one 
He builds the forest, an ws it down—the t drawing t| their Miirnent direct fi 
-— raised po ee, and Y wields the axe being the ary r- wá animal; many feed upon organie out of the regiment of architects! But I am digres- 
and the sa ts and blossoms, | substances, in which the decomposition after death has | sing. 
ona the scythe of ‘the mower swings, by the darken | aal commenced; and most, if not all, appear to pene Manchester Garden i is 16 acres in extent: and is 
P. 432. require for their support som à Wiball portion, at Teast, | € e prop d raid 
Notwithstanding the assertion t the put 4 of matter in which life is or - been. tural Soc mber of shareholders who pay a 
must be admitted that there is ea little of poetry | and vegetables the clock is wound up, and it runs | annual atii E de guineas, which entitles to 
mixed with Sapan canem truth ; and we, as spec cis down; in ee the atoms are separated and recom- | EREN on all occasio mainly 
. 
S 
Fe 
igators mple ocaeca of animal and | bined, and in both, these enisi take place in a | derivable from Miheéripiodi, $6 is abou ipe but ig x 
vegetable Ie nd eng arena ought not to allow this totally arent fc. from wh - wo do d the same | of this are annually required for interest f debt. 
quiet and s missal of w is ordinar ily, bodie e influen , the moment life is | rich a city, as Manchester should be able to vippóéb t 
"the t. It|fi and I hav i 
im 
ha! 
though pierre ptem called “vital force," barca > "d moment the vital 4. g 
without remark. Life may not be a force in the sense | is this wer, its continuity and infinite divisi- | incubus of oa were removed, de o 
which natural philosophers give to the term, but it isa bility, its -€ veri infinite div ersity, the PIG uin speedily 5512 ai in many amie M d be a eredit 
wi th ae of ion influences of the git I Non MR which f rom its posi 
hat it com Y — 'eneral and more m infinity of forms it produces, that our Society is | and me and ma í 
popular meaning of the word. Lite pun indeed be | speci y ed upon to investigate. As orem a good pete age as t 
set in aetion without the id ion € heat-force ; but, | we have so to eer ae — and class other. - 
on the other hand, the sun cannot build p without foni "i "ub enable eadily to identify n. During the past seven years the en has been 
the enciatance of ‘life. What life onc e do not | both Es om n d collectively, i e Aue ccn one S UT brought from a state of rim of interest 
know: its origin is probably beyond our investigation; an g of them, and | and of funds, to one of great excellence as an indoor 
but its existence and continuity cannot be denied. | to sae in E "^ d books|plant-growing establishment, and to a com : 
Notwithstanding the objections of pehetpanaiaty I whisk is "known o their resemblances, differences, and progressively satisfactory financial state, by the 
cannot but remind you that in the present state of | and nS gees oF their ‘et pee ences and relations to| present curator, Mr. RS indlay, as is well known 
_science we have as yet no prospect of proofs that any | each other and to the lifeless world, asa start point in the neighbourhood ale his ‘ey cannot 
new life is created, that any new living being is built, | for future observation. biol ologists, we have to study liquidate a d debt, ugh a sum 
matter nic d 
ee s 
in con Sol Fat striking i Fiore ments 
i inu hich it preserved ltiplied for the present apparently very distant. The chief 
period d human cognizance. "i — = ale Pee or extinguished. "Bat, in boron range of glass is about 360 feet ; dong, and be wie 
ion, but it has never been we must not seth to feita from natural philosophers | about 1828; it is an imposing range, and co 
out of, and isa portion detached | w what are those eneral forces which act on organic as| without over-crowding, Js Ni excellent iiti ‘of 
ing one. We cam mot even fix precisely well as on inórgani c bodies, and whilst pis ore, greenhouse, fine! 
e commences, dification tt in a perfect state of health and cleanliness. h 
is not when the detached bu fist shoots out its own | applied ‘in combination with vital pow EARS I but I may say 
roots, not when the seed bursts, or the egg-shell is | accept any proved identi 2 2 action in the living ana |t that most of our Ww" plants were in those houses, tye 
or the young idle born; for the bud, the | inanimate world. Fro Presidents Address at|tree Ferns, fine Proteads, , &c., 
embryo or foetus, had a previous existence, more or bero q Anniversary of Linnean a So Mj. such a state as we r arely find are except i in Sit 
a r 
ing to species. It is not at the moment of fertilisation; | Apart from the main range pm is a ver 
g peers NOTES ON GARDENS.—No. XVII. p K^ uen y lon 
genesis, may grow into independent beings without MANCHESTER BOTANIO GARDEN ing plants, which are 
ever being impregnated. Nor = me most powerful| REJ ag ye lovers of trees that dwell in the mighty | The Victoria was in a fine state, grow 
instruments perceive the moment when the first embryo- | Babylon, and cease your persistent grum lings, ye | apparently under difficulties; but I must say that it is 
cell receives that impress which im irrevocably deter- 7p t aca around it, eed r your trees are as orn by at ising in the Regen r e 
mined the form which the perfect being is to assume, hiv of the oasis, font dews as those of Hermon, co: hay Reed e 
within th ow limi ich neither ost | 
fluen 
-mal š ; ini t c n the a lot 
D iM ree con dot En Mn d n e in the weld foe. ants, reITO: E m irdens.. - 
again. It may lie dormant for a long (but not perhaps in- | take. Only few dys before T had had seen the Planes in | 0 the main range, 30 13 
Nippon ] 
finite) « oput may be abgolutely | various places in the heart of "Xósdot delightfully | to recent e 
imperceptible or limited to ce of disorgani- | healthy and verdant; and now gaunt skeletons were able to grow anā, di 
sation, until Mà into dote solve operation by the | flitting by whose last leaves of life were shed. garden, In 
action of the su ves influences; but if|trees were, however, much more abundant on the road ace] nA feet Boh id 
—«À bn dormant p ur , &c.) life | to Todmorden. “Oh!” said I, “if this is improyed | grand old plant. 
thing il restore it: the action of | upon, there will be little need for the ili g zol 
the sume sun pon e sa influences | in the Manc! otanic n." h th 8 
will sen decomposition, not growth. The word| However, Manchester is not the blackest of cities ; | any ( Orchids that 1 b fl 
force” may indeed be properly limited to mechanical | and the Botanic Garden is situated pleasantly enous! tl 
force, and it may be incorrect to say that life is a force e à considerable distance from its iur and smoky some verdant e poss surroundings. The 
: rip in E from other forces; but ni b arts. g ry fre AT kon 
1 hav pra term equivalent to the oi pont many plants to prosper garden, though | pl t soil, three parts 
; eae, call life a er dint the Rose is almost absent fa Ae Rosary, and the | of san 5 A the rest of Aer og loam, town 
in quantity frim force. Dr, Carpenter (p. 80) | Pine in a good state from the grounds through their | water being used. 1 understood o was freely and 
proposes to term it a ge erminal be annie but it is|influences. The garden was enne many years | abun dantis grown at Lord Egerton’s, in s pe ri 
ir mach more than a capacity, to be rased | ago, When the city was poor compared to its presen | hood, by Mr. Cliff, and without any attention whate 
as the “power of utilising, after ie own particulari condition ; and was begun very spiritedly by its rat. When one considers the trouble that has been taken 
