P 
DECEMBER 24, 1864.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND 
AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 1287 
A semanas ———————————— — 
that by further inquiry both will be found to exceed the truth. arable land. A priori, therefore, it might be anticipated that ) plant—say a mixture of guano and superphosphate, ` I. 
Alth the foie. at our disposal do not admit of an — the effect should be highly favourable, but ex e has e land umm good enough "un If 
determination of the total value of the sewage of any town, | shown the reverse. Lo x, who uses the Watford sew- ong would 
they may be used to give an approximate estimate fort that of | age, states that the quantity is P no sufficient -- more than 60 | have it all in Swedes except four or five acres, If 
that to get a profitab! A ae 
a given quantity. This has been done by Dr. Hoffmann by | or 70 acres—in other words, a table result he s were to let the Turnip stand to thespring, he 
culating according to the market prices of the manurial | must rig imei S" a which in the shape of guano would be worth some cake along with it. In reference i 
constituents of the sewage, and he deduces from his analyses | 18l. At Alnwick the ean have declined to use the sewage, etw E th h ald stows th 
2d. as the value of the substances contained in a ton. If we/| although they can - me obtain it for the cost of | Storing of the crop, als wo! store the heroe. of it by 
apply the same data to Letheby's analyses, which give six pumping ; and at Rugby i as been found most pro! oütable | the old term, or between that and the n 
grains of ammonia in ua of eight, the value will be 1 to ather a much larger qua tity of gn m per acre, an | ye ellow 2 cenis “far up.” "ni “a, wedish 
The latter will re y^ g eed nearest the truth; but sron then Mr. Walker thinks the advantage "m "rident Turnips the use of sheep he would put up in hea 
in the Parliam Tcu t er is most frequently | to r the rent of 507. a which he pays town of | e 1 -— h p p P ps 
referred to, my d to be y accepted; and as it Batty. t appears fro cree facts that tbe. agrioultural o cont s on the ro to : em ont and sliced 
certainly does not underrate the value, we shall make use of it | value of sewage is much p? than that which the substances da uring t the winter as shee} requi: re them, 
here. -In the estimate now given, and in that of the urine and | it contains would have if they were extracted and used in the | ft ies i up me igh ^ p d n this 
fæces of a opem, it will be noticed tha! ave been | dry state ; and it be es an important question to determine nath thoni bd Ht en ali t about 3 
care: iz -— the value of the Miner] matters in the | its true value to the farmer, so as to form a guide to him in y ught i cost about os, an acre 
former and in the latter is 6s. per head ; but it wating it. It was with this object that the experiments at | top, and tail Mte and about half as much, or 
must as be Pappostat that I thereby mean to assert that y de. by were jode by the Royal Commission on Se | half. as muc qe heap them— —say al thar from 
a i of sew: is worth 2d., for the values in question | of These experiments were conducted during the| 4, 6d. to 5s. a arn the use of the shaws 
apply to the nutritive elements in a dry and sree years Tseri, 1862, and 1863 ; but i— 4 the results of the first iiim ri E 
s condition, and not them p^ - ; ^4 : - the | season have yet been published. Fifteen acres were set apart, 
C or in the still more diluted ‘sta = à h they | and divided into thi 9» sebtiete~-due for ue Grom ^1 às he hes given S | because they were T to heat the heap and cause it to 
exist n sewage water. In the latter on their nad to oxen, another to cows, and a on whic! e Grass w: ra best 
is much tly, and the farmer, in estimating "ap =e made into hay. Each section was divided in — v plote- qne anuwor a yc a aeh € —3 
to him, must take this into account, and make such dedu unse and to the others the sewage was the | $! je pu: arth e best, very 
as may appear necessary. The necessity for his may be — extent of 3000, 6000, and 9000 tons per annum respectively. little of it would suffice. scalam, it came 
more obvious by a particular example. Suppose a person LN The results are ex; expressed in the following Tal 
ou ti 
oxen. 
| Act 
frost, s0 
ble :— that you could not pull Turnips from the drill, you had 
only to go and open (i " 
"pow — | fresh sh Tarnips to the sheep, going on from heap to 
n 
every 13 tons of it there was a ton of guano worth 18L, he | Sew I f Grass might require. "The East — Swede 
would stato what was strictly correo; but no man in hier) | required i to T hg ag | “per 1000 toms | sols az onl ; "b. The Paurple-top also was a very 
senses would accept the offer, because he would see at once | S applied. 3 
that all the expenses—such as carri cost of application, | Annum. | Octob | icis abc pg Turnip. That, he thought, was the it Swede, 
&c.—would be i ed 13 times, and it would be necessary | m t eid. | t was not the Skirving Purple-top, but one very much 
or him be take his into account. | If, for ample, the ebárges i Kl Se Tep om owt ar. > | like it, It was a low-set Swede, a very handsome bulb, 
in question amo to 16s. per ton of guano, they wou e AI r | — ~ diei! ^d A Lan | in 
the same on each ton ofjthe mixture, aud hi id. be oom: H 0000 | un H "1 o 10 | í » i H Parni f a hal such a as of this 
pelled to strike off that from the price of it; so that, by | y | He | el s das. Ed s A P a crop 
dilution, in t his way; ar ont hell 01 of the v 22 of he no - mex — variety he liked was the Greystone. 
would annihilated; and i to see that, is principal objection to the Gre that it 
h t was similar, J : 
cri sin Trier ng totaly oar, Tee on ha ers is Ph spe pes Sova as vas apt to shoo, and therefore if o mae to grow 
of a substance is thus annihilated, and an excellent | higher, and amounted to about 4j tons, which SR on ti ip ould require to have it laid up now, by the 
illustration may be drawn the soil itself. An orditur; RAE EE oos enti reokon the month of November, so p t its going to seed. 
car E e mer m as i: —— T | on 8 orth - manual Tttt proio about 4 tous of Grass. It was particularly Hybrids he would sow for spring 
contain on every acre about 60 tons of iron, which at 2l 10s. The Grass acies oma momy ouv e ques mom i use; the Purple-top Yellow was one of the most 
per ton (the current price of the metal) would be worth 1507., | for n fore. a mil — wet ME TEMA successful he had grown, and he grew this variety 
or more than th. tural value of the land. But certainly | Was found not to b well m riu er EE instead of Globes. His rule in manuring, in so far as 
no one would gravely propose to dig up the E to smelt it for | very o resulte are expressed in the following | ^c vett was concerned, wa ix d e He 
iron, or to reckon the price of the metal if he wanted to = Tabi ld f give a 
his estate. Sewage offers so far a parallel E ‘that the man co always from 3 to 4 cwt, or he might even vary 
= m sno neni. ed = vem = the ns No. of Value of milk | the quantity = sd Patt an acre, in - form of a 
ces as those they ve in a dry state; and we shi = i from mixture of lig ures—sa; wt, of these 
see afterwards that when we come to cal ile agricultural | Sewage |Week® the| Gallons |Value of milk| jn creased y 
effect and take into ee the conditions by which its a — applied. — of milk | at ir por | produce or |light manures, vere with from 10 to 15 to ns of farm- 
— is e m we ust allow for it a much lower ns | er acre, ga 1000 tons yard manure. 2p artificial manures he would Pene at 
sj. pur um; dnte | | | sewage. | 9s. to 10s. p and the farmyard manure at from 4s. 
. Modes of Application.—We come now to consider| — o 1» sn | eous| e 00 |^ oe 
the mode i A which sewage may be made available for| 1387 409 570.7 | 1906 5 19 10 LIAMSON, Shempston, said that baving but 
ltural and t hods 2804 58.8 8204 | 27 611 516 8 Lans da iem e Serin mai as a farmer, he could 
agricultural purposes, a wo methods have been 6 o8 2 010 | 5.011 
4226 | : 5 not be expected t - ns to his experience of 
m. vec qum It is obvious that th here acte beneficially, for it | that county His e exper had] ithe rt hiefl 
t ne aily, for Æ 
The first of these is the process fi recipitation, which first ua Uc vulg ud that ia no other! ray omid thesame nupt — to Banffshire. = "Ban the ey used to like 
attracted the attention t ram rac bd a expected | of produce have been obtained from an acre of the Rugby soil ; ow the whole of their Tarnips b [vri the 20th May 
fan v sanitary and agricultural requirements. It has put at the same na [3 must be borne in mind that this | | wr ‘th d to M hire, h taos h 
ailed at potcoste, Tottenham, and several other places for the successful effort is obtained by an eno "» diture ith regar orayshire, he ou ug ht it was per pe 
peut pitation of sewage. The orly other mode in which sewage manure the.esti value of the sew: a a otherwise. As year 
g an be TOI > it in the fluid form, and by tbe process | as much as that of the milk produced. The experiments were im getting some s owns these latest 
i ten enira heann roaa cire only MT os eo tion of the Grass, and, without enter- | sown ere making up to be the 
m wa cede ments are | ing into the details of these points, it may be stated that the 
ome to be fulfilled. The Craigentiany mestow the sowsged G EM a much smaller quantity of solid best cro "vas quis nite su ds T- if rires had been so 
nderful crops o Dec ed from them, have been so often | matters than the nnsewaged ; but, what is rather unexpected, | late in sowing Eon 
referred to, and held up as an illustration of what can be it was richer in the nitrogenous ‘matters, aud. it is to their of Bant the would psi eb a crop at all, 
production ol t varieties of Turnips, he did not 
effected by the that it m haps be best 
RU xu QUE endatos Vias qe valde 9€ Up euet foe SN 
some points respecting them which appear to me milk is 
received less attention than they deserve. It isu ry _ Sa earings 
Wi 
to 250 acres, and Farmers? Clubs. 
receive the sewage of about 80,000 of the inhabitants of selection of m proper 
burgh. The point which ADpeMrs £> ME. De QE The question which tl Mg Of Tarnips— bas " U bulbs th at had been peel. He 
importance to notice is toe enormous quantity ad been n propounded fo for discussion onld appen i) - ; hether it 
manurial matter which is annu A ge through them, " a recent meeting was— What is the experience y * Mr. ^ penc Parce b ds 
snd Which -is E greater ba a usually supposed, of members in the growing of Turnips of late years, was a s mos important ‘poin eiu M 
o. rue ER oceania ice mana ap with reference to the different varieties, date of | Which the seed was — —€ be -—- 
M ascertained the average flow of the Foul burn, he satis- sowing, kinds of manure, and general management ? id ,raised in this d 
fied himself that, deducting Banderas. at eene that the | Mr, WALKER, jun. Altyre, said: The nature of the other seed sold ~~ ay ton his opinion, in faci, 
Pur ud Nahe er ag — a al —€—— annual | soilas well as the difference imate had much to do | being that none should be sold which is not raised from 
of 2€ - The water supply of Edinburgh at | 4. : 
of gallons per head per day, which giv ves, | different kinds of 
I Mà pee day. If then, we assume | management. Speaking from his 
been s easy to of clima 
however, that if the meadows really receive the pod age of | with the rearing of Turnips; it affected not only the | 
80,000 of the P quantity. even this last estimate must fall short | time of sowing, but the different "— of seed, the 
man ge d, co 
vit epa inn an 
transplanted bulbs. He generally gave ali his ime 
farmyard manure, and pree S " ith that t three 
owt, of these dissol ved m 
t, the gene eral 
For 80, $000 
that this is rem. NAE the inrer meadows duri ng obse — he would say, in RA a general way, vih refer- |, Mr. W. ALK R said he had tried i the pruri ig 
ence cá 
days, it would give 
e first last year. This variety grew to a tremendous size 
less than 11,400 tons peracre. This, it will be observed, is the | fü i | certainly, but it was soft. By this time of the year it 
amount yielded by th the water mor alone, and the drainaga | point » that where the soil w as good pr was oes z as fog, and - little ye bor ada This 
water and rain! ill certainly add 25 per ce ^ P € Buiteble m “the prone , no doubt Sw eli, Turnips | pesca ya Po Globe, which h " t 
quantity, brin it ml 14,008 — acre. | would be — more profitable crop. Along with these | lee Mr. M. -——Ó— — obe, w a ui Gi 
1f we assume, however, that its value is tl o same as that E he would sow a few of the softer varieties, such as | from orrison, ich was equally bulky, an 
the London sewage, which it probably is, and accept which had com advantage of being hardier, and con- 
Hoffmann's sewage of 2d. on ton, then if 14,000 tons be erg | Purple-tops ec Hybrids, to be used in the first place | 
ch 
till this "ni more saccharine matter than the Greystone 
ot are 
th ual val f th urial tt 3 t; 
ipt to 115 rt if $400 to tons ‘the wonntity, 4s Ia bs | 7“ bd red ped 5e rd tom xu. ; ga A UD Em riety. He would therefore a it to ge ias eystone 
TOL When looked at in this point of view, to be | year, h ki a of T notso hard as ae me might 
astonished at the crops the sewaged land produces, or the | WA ards, At pa rare these softer kin seem. to ianpl The eeu be Eppen i by thet 
rent, now averaging 221. per acre, obtamed for it. Nay, we | should say, ought to be al all peed up by the Is à "the t N. mp y. t y rato by the 11 am di TX yt 
pesi Rar toll enn m i oe gre AE pe obtained in a diy 3t ot new » when recourse would be had to the Swedes, 1st November, or ai 
ons which, could it be obta in nr epe If the land were deep loam, where the roots would sink that there m are Ps Pom nine 
30 Arabie land, should aot p ep into the soil, there was no doubt but the Swedes, | them either iria oe vi pos that 
at ced T. vibe the method a and, : (€ e ree e NS odi 
s X ‘on n however, to w : ^ 
E an Ae cce eren d earlier varieties as would keep the cattle o would put them entirely 
; fally matured. As to the the Swedes. It had that Swedes 
pply a v ath smaller quantity of se ; and | going until the Swedes were fully matu " Yellows, but h fon, a com his r2 son du 
in place of the open gutters -— which it is ca through the | time of sowing he would say, judgin one —— as ws, ^ 2 “on 7 eee 3 
Pm mier d meadows, hich are no doubt objectionable | | rience commence, about the 26th ay, mi rig "all | as uch milk on Swedes as on Yellows. eep, 
urine ory E iow, pipes are eared, an te Saat Sae Turnip bea as soon after ible he thought they throve equally well on ‘is was ore 
means ne " 4 p 
percha hose. This is the system fetuwdly used at Bagby, Begin about the 26th May, € em uM whole he MÀ bes in T X "agg r erdan 
eiai over en DA dares Pena p Alnwick, wher the | a capi ina - ex were properly stor te i had a cross axe cut them 
Water, were ta refus o about 4000 people ke applied t |m tter o PEU IMS delicato make | down with, and this served tho purpose for calves, an 
tí |, where T refuse o mi o 2 " 
COTRA DES mp de A S E pr Rede edi de the 
The’ latter each acre receives the sewage of 300 of the popu- a the soil, the variety of d ng tak raised, a t "T ig segad to if possible before the new year. T had been in 
lation, the avera oA in these three is that of about 20. | other circumstances that ba x en into accow habit of ^ fu » ine ios e th Land 
Even this is still a large spplicatiég, ! for the value of the Pw himself, however, he would make rnm wanure | the habit o rring up rnip 
sewage, reckoning only the urine and. fiecos, thus applied to | «d bones the staple, using along w ese some of | from the ravages of the hares; “but | he a d it not 
d tun Mns d uiui «i NUR I Sted to the lighter manures for forcing Qe mre of thela good system for his soft land, which, in piu 
acre, which is more than twice as much as would be app! 
LI 
