35 1 



the other Anura, except in the situation, as mentioned above. There 

 is a single rentriculus and two separated atria ; from the formes 

 rises a very short bulbus arteriosus, the interior of which and of the 



other vessels could not be examined on account of their condition. 

 The bulbus is soon divided into two Btrong stems, each of which 

 emits three branches, ascending together for a short distance, — 

 namely, an arteria pulmonalis, a carotis descendens, and a united 

 stem of the a. cercbralis and a. lingualis. The right atrium receives 

 the hlood of the veins of the body ; the left one that of two vena 

 puhnonales. 



We find more peculiarities in the tract us intestinalis. The oeso- 

 phagus is very strong, its circumference equal to that of the stomach ; 

 the mucosa is provided with very long villi, projecting nearly 1 mill, 

 into the cavity ; the next outer stratum is thick and of tendinous 

 text nre, thickest in the anterior and posterior medial line, and form- 

 ing two very strong tendinous bands. These serve for the insertion 

 of transverse muscular fibres, going from the anterior medial line to 

 the posterior one, and forming two very strong constrictores, each 

 surrounding one half of the oesophagus. If they co-operate, they 

 then string the oesophagus as circular fibres would do ; hut by the 

 separation into two parts the effect is rendered more powerful. The 

 entrance from the oesophagus into the stomach is marked externally 

 by the absence of the muscles, internally by the beginning of the 

 mucosa ventriculi, which is deeply and longitudinally folded and 

 wants the long villi. The stomach is short, ovoid, and gradually 

 lost in the smaller intestines without pylorus; the latter are . 

 long as the body, and suddenly open into the excessively wide rectum. 

 The pancreas is large, and joined with the intestine by a wide ductus 

 Wirsungianus ; about half an inch below the stomach three or four 

 smaller branches open into the intestine, separated from the chief 

 ductus ; probably this is the place for the mouth of the ductus cho- 

 ledochus, which I could not find. The liver is large, and at the first 

 glance it appears to be separated into a right half and a larger left 

 one ; but both parts are joined by a very narrow bridge, pa 

 behind the heart : the left flap has a deep incision. Both flaps sur- 

 round the heart, and the left one also the stomach. The gall- 

 bladder is situated just in the medial line, beneath the uniting bridge, 

 not in direct contact with the hepatic parenchyma, but fixed to it l>\ 

 the peritoneum ; from each flap of the liver one ductus bepatious 

 opens separately into the bladder. The organa uropoetica do not 

 offer any remarkable differences, at least not in the male. The tes- 

 ticles oval; kidneys elongate, cylindrical; corpora adipOM formed 

 by long appendages; the bladder enters the cloaca on the anterior 

 part, thi' urethras on the posterior one. 



The osteo/of/ica/ peculiarities only consist in differences of form ; 

 and as far a- they can he made out in a single coherent skeleton, 

 they are the following. All the external bones of the skull are en- 

 tirely ossified ; the cranium is tlat, depressed, very broad, without 

 . ami with a sharp not prominent lateral edge. The foramen ju- 

 gulare is very large, bul closed by a fibrons membn 1 by 



