477 



specimen a female. Wing-quills and tail barred and spotted with 

 rust-colour, the rust-coloured spots on the centre of the second and 

 third wing-quills ; throat-patch rufous, with a tinge of rufous all 

 over the lower parts. Gizzard contained small seeds, earwigs, and 

 grasshoppers. 



56. Cypselus melba (Linnaeus). 



Sometimes seen in large flocks during the cold months in the 

 Punjab ; at all seasons on the "W. Himalayas. 



57. Cypselus apus (Linnaeus). 



Abundant on the rocky banks of streams in Ladakh ; Cashmere ; 

 very plentiful in the Punjab during the rainy months. 



58. Cypselus affinis, Gray. 



Scinde and Punjab, pretty common. Builds under the eaves of 

 houses : the nest is made of mud intermixed with wool or feathers. 



59. Corvus corax, Linnaeus. 



The Raven found in Ladakh is larger than the C. corax ; but I saw 

 no other difference, and am inclined to think it is only a variety *. 

 The species is an inhabitant of the northern countries of India, com- 

 mencing at Upper Scinde ; it is found all over the Punjab at every 

 season of the year, where they frequent camps and cantonments with 

 Govind Kites and Egyptian Vultures. Mr. Blyth is wrong in saying 

 the species does not frequent India, if by that he means the Punjab 

 and Scinde (vide Cat. Mus. As. Soc. p. 89). 



60. Corvus culminatus, Sykes. 



Abundant in the Deccan, Scinde, but not in the Punjab. It is 

 plentiful on the Western Himalayas, from the lower ranges north- 

 wards to Ladakh, Cashmere, &c.f 



Note. — I think I have seen the C. comix in the latter countries, 

 and rather think it is a native of the more western Himalayan 

 ranges, Hindoo Coosh, &c.J 



61. Corvus splendens, Vieillot. 



India universally, lower Himalayan Ranges, including Cashmere, 

 but does not travel far into the interior ; is frequently seen in the 

 society of the C. monedula in the localities frequented by the latter. 



62. Corvus frugilegus, Linnaeus. 



A winter visitor in the N.W. frontier of the Punjab at Rawul 

 Pindee, abundant ; arrives about the beginning of September, and 



* Is separated as C. Tibetanus, Hodgs. {vide Catal. Birds Mus. E.I.C. ii. p. 553). 

 — F.M. 



f Mr. Blyth states this to be the " ' Raven ' of Europeans in India. ' I never 

 heard it so called (vide Cat. Mus. As. Soc. p. 89). — A. L. A. 



I Specimens of C. comix from Mesopotamia and Afghanistan are contained 

 in the Museum of the East India Company. — F. M. 



