485 



breast obscurely spotted with black. Lower parts dirty white. 

 Inner surface of wings French white ; first quill exceedingly minute ; 

 second nearly as long as the third and fourth, which are equal, and 

 the longest secondary quills emarginate. Tail forked, outer feathers 

 having their margins white. Legs light brown. It follows up the 

 valleys leading from Cashmere; and wherever cultivation extends 

 and luxuriant pasture abounds, there the Lark is seen. I found it 

 at Dras in Ladakh, but afterwards lost sight of it owing to the 

 barren state of the country northwards. 



110. Galerida chendoola (Franklin). 



This is the most common species of Larks in India, and is as much 

 a bird of the desert as of the field. Scinde, cultivated or in the 

 desert ; parts of Punjab, very common, gregarious during winter. 



111. Sand Lark. 



Abundant on the banks of the Indus and Northern Scinde. Size 

 of the Grey Linnet. Colour a sandy brown. Bill short and nearly 

 conical ; hind claw long and curved ; tail moderate and slightly 

 forked, the upper feathers of which are black ; otherwise similarly 

 marked to the last species. 



Note. — On the lower Himalayan Range I saw on one occasion a 

 species of Lark or Titlark of the size of the Alauda arvensis : colour 

 of body was a sandy brown ; but very distinguishing marks were a 

 black throat, and streak round the eyes of the same colour. The 

 female was not so distinctly marked. 



112. Anthus rufulus, Vieillot. 



A common and generally-distributed species all over India and 

 the cultivated districts of the Western Himalayas. 



113. Anthus trivialis (Linnseus). 



Very common on the lower Himalayan Range. 



114. Anthus agilis, Sykes. 



Common around Poonah in the Deccan ; Northern Punjab. Gre- 

 garious during winter in the latter country. Less abundant on the 

 lower Himalayan Range. 



115. Anthus ? 



Frequents the furze country in Ladakh. Its call-note resembles 

 the Siskin. Size of a Black Redstart. Iris hazel. Bill notched, 

 broad at the base and thin ; upper mandible overlaps the lower ; 

 nostrils slit, culmen almost straight. Upper parts brown, striated 

 like the Anthus trivialis ; throat and neck mouse-brown ; a broad 

 rufous band across the breast ; belly and lower parts dirty white, 

 mixed with the brown of the back ; legs light brown ; tarsus slender; 

 feet well-formed ; lateral toes almost equal ; hind claw well-deve- 

 loped. 



