Nervous system. The nervous system of the larvae resembles in 

 many respects that of caterpillars of Lepidoptera and is relatively primitive. 

 Fusion of the ganglia is barely marked and is developed mainly in the 

 anterior and posterior parts of the ventral chord (Figures 54-56). The 

 peripheral nervous system of larvae with a rich secondary chaetotaxy is 

 complex (Vorhies, 1905:116-117; Branch, 1922:256-259; Raciecka, 1949:2-63: 

 Novak, 1952:252-262). 



(46) 



FIGURES 57-59. Cephalic nervous system of Molanna angustata (partial) (after Raciecka): 

 57 - anterior part of frontoclypeus and labrum; 58 — antenna; 59 — left mandible, ventral. 

 a — antennal nerve, mb — mandibular nerve, clp — clypeolabral nerve. 



The large supraesophageal ganglion innervates the eyes (nervus 

 ocularis), antennae (nervus antennalis) (Figure 58), labrum and clypeus 

 (nervus clypeolabralis); the small frontal ganglion (ganglion frontale) 

 innervates the frontal region (nervus frontalis) (Figure 57); the sub- 

 esophageal ganglion provides branches to the mandibles (nervus mandi- 

 45 bularis), maxillae (nervus maxillaris), submentum, mentum and labium. 

 The mandibular nerve sends branches to the outer setae; it reaches the 

 upper and lower blades of the mandible in two branches (Figure 59); A 

 network of bipolar sensory cells innervates the trichoid and campaniform 

 sensillae at the base of the setae and in the pits on the head and its 

 appendages and on the whole body of the larva. 



41 



