subtilis, species of Potamophylax and Micropterna, rarely by 

 Drusus caucasicus; the family Goeridae is represented by Silo 

 proximum and S. tuberculatum; the Lepidostomatidae are repre- 

 sented by Dinarthrum longiplicatum, D. raesoplicatura, 

 Crunoeciella batumica, Notidobia ciliaris (Sericostomatidae) 

 and Micrasema bifoliatum (Brachycentridae). These species occur 

 in large numbers; for example, 268— 304 specimens per m were found in 

 117 the Bakurianka stream (Transcaucasia), with a biomass of 2.6— 4.8g/m ; 

 390 specimens per m were found in the upper part of the Alazan 

 (Murvanidze, 1948:71-72; Sadovskii, 1948:43). 



In the mountains of Middle Asia, high mountain and mountain brooks, 

 streams and small rivers form a complicated network of running water 

 bodies of varying size supplied by sources, snow and ice. The Mazor Darya 

 River of Tadzhikistan (Khodzha Obi Garm Region) is an example of large, 

 snow-fed streams of the upper zone; it has a turbulent current and a water 

 temperature of 8.0— 10.5° in July and August; larvae of Himalopsyche 

 gigantea and Himalopsyche sp. ("larva hoplura") are characteristic 

 of this river and the upper reaches of other rivers and streams fed by snow; 

 these species belong to a genus which is widely distributed in the mountains 

 of central and southern Asia, especially in the Himalayas;* species of 

 Himalopsyche occur in the USSR to an altitude of 3,200—3,500 m 

 (Lepneva, 1945:70, 72; 1956:200; 1960:105-108). 



Small rivulets fed from sources and warmed in summer to 14—18° 

 (e. g., the Kondarinka and Koland'ye rivulets in the Gissar Range, and 

 rivulets near Tashkent) have a more diverse fauna; commonly found in them 

 are Annulipalpia: Rhyacophila obscura, Glossosoma dentatum, 

 species of Agapetus (A. kirgisorum, A. bidens, A. tridens), 

 Hydroptila sp., Stactobia olgae, Dolophilodes o r n a t a, 

 Tinodes t u r a n i c a, Hy d r op sy c h e st i mula n s, Hy d r o p s y c h e sp.; 

 Integripalpia: Apatania copiosa, A. zonella, Pseudostenophylax 

 secretus, Astratus alaicus, Dinarthrum pugnax (Lepneva, 

 1951:153-157; Ma rtynov, 1927a; 1927b; Sibirtseva, 1958:169-179). 



The brooks and streams of the Altai contain a characteristic fauna of 

 caddis flies which is abundant in some localities. The following Annulipalpia 

 were found in mountain brooks in the vicinity of Lake Teletskoe and the 

 Chulyshman basin: Rhyacophila sibirica, Rh. impar, Rh. retract a, 

 Mystrophora altaica, Dolophilodes sp. ; Integripalpia: Eccli- 

 somyia digitata, Dicosmoecus p a 1 a t u s, Ap at an i a sp., 

 Neophylax ussuriensis (= Halesinus ussuriensis, Schmid, 

 1955:96), O 1 ig op le c t r o d e s potanini, Lepidostoma hirtum. 



Among the Annulipalpia, Glossosomatidae predominate; Glossosomatinae 

 and Agapetinae were not found; unlike fauna in the Caucasus, the genus 

 Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) is widely distributed in this region by only 

 one species, R h. s ib i r i c a, which is common; the other two species occur 

 only sporadically, the most common species Mystrophora altaica; 

 the larvae and pupae of this species occur sometimes in large numbers on 

 stones (Figure 165). The larvae of Apatania are rare (Lepneva, 1949: 

 189-191; 1950:119-124). 



* Zhadin (1950b:713) places H. gigantea among the crenobionts of the high -mountain zone, but this 

 species inhabits (often in large numbers) a wide network of large mountain streams such as the Mazor 

 Darya, Obi Khil'f, Mai Khura, Sara-Dzhou, the upper reaches of the Varzob (Lepneva, 1945:70; I960: 

 105-107). 



108 



