The fauna of Trichoptera of mountain streams and brooks of the Far East 

 from the mountains of Sikhote Alin and other localities in the Maritime 

 Territory is rich and diverse.* The following species were found at the 



118 banks of streams and brooks with stony bottoms, rapid current, transparent 

 water and with a summer water temperature of 8.3—13.9° (Rezvoi, 1930: 

 467—476): Annulipalpia: Rhyacophila impar, Rh. narvae, Rh. lata, 

 Rh. r et r a ct a, My st r ophor a u s s u r i c a, D o 1 op hi 1 o d e s orien- 

 talis, D. aurascens, Arctopsyche palpata; Integripalpia: 

 Imania s i c h ot a 1 in e n s i s, E c c li s omy i a kamtshatica, 

 Apatania sinensis, A. c o m p 1 e x a, A. crymophila, A. zonella, 

 Neophylax u s s u r ie n s i s, Hy d at op hy 1 ax ma gnu s, H. s ol d at o vi, 

 Asynarchus a mu r e n s i s, P s e u d o s t e n ophy la x u s s u r i c u s, 

 Goera parvula, Dinarthrodes elongatus, D. brevis (Martynov, 

 1934,1935). Larvae of An i s o c e nt r op u s pallidus and Ganonema 

 extensum live in warm streams and rivulets with a temperature of 

 20—27° at the end of summer, on detritus -covered bottoms (Levanidova, 

 1951:533). Larvae of A p s i 1 oc h o r e m a s ut s h a n um have recently been 

 recorded from rivulets with stony bottoms in the vicinity of Vladivostok; 



the species was also recorded from the banks of the Sitsa (Levanidova, 



961; Martynov, 1934:72); Psilotreta kisoensis was also recorded 

 (Lepneva, 1958b:915-917). 



The rheophilic fauna of the mountain rivulets of the Maritime Territory 

 is very rich, and there are numerous endemic forms and elements of the 

 Japanese -Chinese fauna. 



Foothill rivers and rivulets with rapids. Rivers and 

 rivulets with rapids in foothills or in hilly landscapes have boulder, pebble or 

 debris -sand bottoms; they are divided into calm areas and shoals; their 

 water is transparent; the current is slow in the calm areas but is rapid in 

 the shoals and rapids; these rivers thus contain a complicated system of 

 different biotopes with an ecologically diverse fauna, especially of caddis 

 flies. There are a few elements of the fauna of streams, and their lower 

 reaches sometimes contain several species of rivers of the plains, but the 

 streams of foothills contain a characteristic group of forms restricted to 

 this type of stream; this group is called "tachypotamobionts" (Martynov, 

 1929:14; Lepneva, 1949:259—260). The best examples of this fauna are the 

 species of the Biya River in the Altai foothills (Martynov, 1929:229-309; 

 Lepneva, 1949:189-191). 



119 A typical fauna is present in this river where it flows from a lake at an 

 altitude of about 450 m. It differs sharply in species and numbers from 



the fauna of Lake Teletskoe and its small tributaries. The following stream 

 elements are found in the Biya River near the lake (in some localities near 

 the shore and in tributaries): Rhyacophila impar, Apatania stig- 

 ma t e 11 a, D i c o s m oe c u s p alatu s, Oli g op le ct r od e s potanini, 

 Lepidostoma hirtum and Mystrophora altaica, which is widely 

 distributed in the river. Immediately after the outflow of the river from 

 the lake, however, appear Arctopsyche ladogensis and Hydro- 

 psyche nevae, which do not occur in the lake or its tributaries; these 

 species occur (in large numbers in some localities) throughout the Biya River 

 from its outflow to the estuary; however, they are absent in the turbid 

 water of the upper reaches of the Ob. 



* Species could be identified only rarely from collections of larvae as the larvae of most species are not 

 yet known. The list of species following is based mainly on Martynov 's identifications of adult insects 

 collected in 1927. 



110 



