signatipennis; the pupae of this species swim on the water; the flight 

 of G. signatipennis ends in the second half of May, and the empty cases 

 float on the water.* 



The species characteristic for puddles occur also in other water bodies, 

 if the conditions are favorable; the four species of Limnophilus 

 mentioned above usually occur separately in shallow ponds, especially in 

 parts which dry up; L. stigma is common in plant thickets in lakes, where 

 the outer cover of the case is often not so complex; Grammotaulius 

 signatipennis also occurs in lakes. 



In addition to the typical species of puddles, there occur in them "stray" 

 species which are not adapted to life in temporary water bodies; e. g., the 

 river forms Hydropsyche ornatula and Neureclipsis bima- 

 c u 1 at a, which are carried by the high water and which die rapidly in 

 puddles; the limnophilic species Triaenodes bicolor, Oecetis 

 ochracea, Limnophilus rhombicus, L. flavicornis, L. politus, 

 Agrypnia obsoleta occur in puddles, as well as several other species 

 which do not always complete their development before the puddles dry up 

 (Greze, 1929:42-44; Zakharenko, 1951: 151-152; 1955:5-6; Lepneva, 

 1925:126-129; 1928b:50-52). 



Canals and ditches filled temporarily with snow or rain water dry up in 

 summer; some of the typical forms or some of the "stray" forms occurring 

 in puddles may be found in them in spring. Numerous, almost full-grown 

 larvae of Ironoquia dubia (= Caborius d ub i u s) are found 

 regularly in the canal along the Moscow -Leningrad Highway (Kalinin 

 Region) in early May. These larvae become rare in the middle of May 

 and disappear toward the end of May. This species does not occur in typical 

 spring puddles, being attracted to canals (also drainage canals) by their 

 slow, sometimes temporary, current. 



Drainage canals have a different character; they are shallow and have 

 a constant water supply and the current may be slow. They also dry up 

 partly in late summer and contain dry, humid and water-filled sections. 

 The most characteristic Trichoptera in drainage canals are species of 

 Phryganeidae such as Neuronia ruficrus and Oligostomis 

 r e t i c ul a t a, which are restricted to turfy waters; these species occur in 

 canals in fall, winter and spring. The adults of O. reticulata have 

 variegated wings, those of N. ruficrus, uniformly dark wings. Large 

 numbers of these species occur among leaves of shrubs and trees on the 

 banks of turfy canals and rivulets in spring. 



IMPORTANCE OF THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 

 FOR THE SYSTEMATIC S AND PHYLOGENY OF 

 TRICHOPTERA 



Classification 



The characteristic structures of caddis flies have attracted attention 

 for a long time. We do not know whether Aristotle knew the imagines of 

 130 caddis flies, but he knew the larvae, which he called "wooden aquatic worms." 



According to my observations near the biological station "Zaluch'e" in the Kalinin Region. 



122 



