138 The larvae of Annulipalpia are campodeiform; the larvae of Integripalpia 

 are eruciform or suberuciform. 



The classification of Martynov is as follows (Martynov, 1924:19—20; 

 1934:31): 



Suborder Annulipalpia Suborder Integripalpia 



1. Rhyacophilidae. 1. Calamoceratidae. 



2. Hydroptilidae. 2. Odontoceridae. 



3. Philopotamidae. 3. Molannidae. 



4. Stenopsychidae. 4. Leptoceridae. 



5. Polycentropodidae. 5. Beraeidae. 



6. Psychomyiidae. 6. Sericostomatidae. 



7. Arctopsychidae. 7. Phryganeidae. 



8. Hydropsychidae. 8. Limnophilidae. 



In the Integripalpia, Martynov approximated the families Phryganeidae and 

 Limnophilidae; however, he did not consider the primitive character of the 

 larvae of the Phryganeidae and some of the larvae of the Limnophilidae, and 

 placed them at the end of the list. 



Martynov published his new suborders only in a footnote to one of his 

 works (Martynov, 1930:65). 



Martynov repeatedly discussed the phylogenetic relationships between 

 groups of caddis flies, e. g. , of the Apataniinae, Phryganeidae (Martynov, 

 1914; 1924b:209— 224). In his surveys of the geological history and 

 phylogeny of insect orders, he placed the origin of the Trichoptera in the 

 Carboniferous and the divergence of the Annulipalpia and Integripalpia in 

 the Permian, i. e., in an earlier period than the separation of Lepidoptera 

 from the Integripalpia (Martynov, 1938; table). 



The classification of Trichoptera remained without any important 

 changes for 16 years after the publication of Martynov (1924), and his sub- 

 orders and new families were widely, but not completely accepted (see 

 footnote on p. 145). 



A new stage of revision of the classification of Trichoptera began in the 

 1930 's based on large collections from the tropics and subtropics. Of 

 special importance for the study of the larvae was Snodgrass' book 

 "Principles of Insect Morphology" (1935). The new material resulted in the 

 appearance of valuable faunistic and systematic publications, raised the level 

 of morphological studies, which resulted in a revision of the types established 

 by the old authors* and a revision of systematic groups. The new period 

 reached its peak in the years after the war. The preimaginal stages were 

 more widely used for the solution of systematic and phylogenetic questions. 



139 Ulmer entered this new period with his study of the Trichoptera of the 

 Sunda Islands (Ulmer, 1951; 1955; 1957). The first part of the foregoing 

 work is devoted to the adult Trichoptera, the second and third parts to larvae 

 and pupae. His classification uses the suborders Annulipalpia and Integri- 

 palpia and the sequence of families adopted by Ulmer in his publications 

 after 1906 (excluding families absent in the tropics and including one new 

 family). The detailed descriptions of the larvae use recently introduced 

 characters and are accompanied by numerous figures. 



* For example, the types of Navas were revised by Schmid (1949), McLachlan's types were revised by Kimmins 

 and Denning (1951), and those of Walker by Betten and Mosely (1940). 



130 



