Pupa. Length 8—14 mm. Antennae slightly shorter than body, as long as 

 body or markedly longer, coiled several times around the posterior end of 

 the body. Labrum rounded anteriorly; setae primary and secondary. 

 Blade of mandibles serrated, with several large denticles. Wing sheaths 

 blunt, reaching abdominal segments 4—6. Mid-tarsi with dense natatorial 

 setae. Presegmental plates present on segments 3—7 or 3—8, post- 

 segmental plates on segments 3—4. Gills present on abdominal segments 2— 7, 

 2—6 or 2—8. Anal rods with a deep incision or pointed and narrow at the 

 end; setae on outer side numerous. 



Pupa lying in a thick grayish cocoon; case made of sand grains and 

 small stones in form of a cave or in a tube covered with sand and with an 

 operculum at the anterior end in the Macronematinae. 



Mode of life and habitats. Predacious (except the Macronema- 

 tinae); building capturing nets with regular quadrangular meshes; living in 

 brooks, rivulets and rivers of various types, including large rivers in the 

 plains. 



Distribution. Throughout the European and Asian parts of the 

 USSR. In addition, cosmopolitan. 



Key to Subfamilies 

 Full-grown larva 



1 (2). Anteclypeus not sclerotized. Gula small and triangular. Submentum 



with 2 broad anterior lobes divided by a narrow median membranous 

 stripe. Segments 8 and 9 ventrally with 2 yellowish triangular 

 sclerites which are densely covered with setae. Anal legs long; 

 sclerite "b" medially to the articular process with a downward- 

 curved narrow plate with a tuft of dense, long, dark setae which form 

 a fan at the apex 1. Hydropsychinae Ulm. (p. 546) 



2 (l). Anteclypeus with 2 dark sclerites in some genera. Gula large, fused 



with pregula outside the head capsule. Submentum different without 

 anterior lobes. Ventral sclerites of segment 8 absent; sclerites of 

 segment 9 small. Anal legs shorter; distomedian plate of 



sclerite "b" small, with few setae 



2. Macronematinae Ulm. (p. 591) 



Pupa 



1 (2). Antennae reaching or almost reaching end of body. Anal rods 



curved upward, with a deep incision 



1. Hydropsychinae Ulm. (p. 546] 



2 (l). Antennae long, coiled several times around posterior end of body. 



Anal rods tapering 2. Macronematinae Ulm. (p. 591) 



545 



