427 



other that I have seen. From the common Sclerostome of the 

 Horse, Scl. armatum, it differs in the position of the vulva in the 

 female, in the sharp pointed tail, and the cylindrical head ; from the 

 male it differs in the structure of the caudal pouch and the form of the 

 head. From the other species found in the Horse, Scl. tetracanthuniy 

 it differs in the form of the head and the circle of teeth round the 

 limb of the external capsule of the mouth, and in the structure of 

 the caudal pouch of the male. They differ also in the relative sizes 

 of the two sexes : in both of these species the female is longer than 

 the male, whereas in the species now described the male is longer 

 than the female ; and it is rather curious that there is amongst the 

 specimens collected a much greater proportional number of males 

 than of females. From the two other species of Sclerostome found 

 in the Pig and in the Tapir, this one differs in the structure of the 

 caudal pouch of the male, the shape of the head, &c. 



Very few opportunities, apparently, have occurred to helmintho- 

 logists of examining the bodies of Elephants. In Diesing's enume- 

 ration of Entozoa found in the Mammalia, only one species is men- 

 tioned by him as having been observed and described as a parasite 

 of this Pachyderm. This is an Ascaris, first mentioned by the cele- 

 brated Rudolphi as infesting the liver. The same parasitic worm 

 has since then been found in the biliary ducts of a young Indian 

 Elephant ki America by Dr. Jackson of Boston. In his mention 

 of this Ascai'is (Ascaris lonchoptera, Diesing), Dr. Jackson states 

 that it occurred along with numerous specimens of a Distoma, which 

 he refers to the species D. hepaticum. The poor animal from which 

 these worms were taken died of disease of the liver with ascites, and 

 there was found also a large, deep, chronic ulcer in the stomach. 

 The species here described will now make a third parasite recorded 

 as belonging to the Elephant. I, am indebted for it to Mr. Edward 

 Gerard of the British Museum, who found it in the large intestines 

 of a young Indian Elephant which recently died in London, after 

 having been only a very short time in England. This animal, from 

 Mr. Gerard's account of it, had suffered also from dropsy, as a large 

 quantity of water escaped upon opening the abdomen. 



SCLEROSTOMA S1PUNCUL.IFORME, Baird. 



Caput cylindricum, magnum, truncatum ; oris limbo interno den- 

 ticulis densis, externo aculeis majoribus niimerosis, armato. 

 Corpus rectum, utrinque attenuatum, sipunculiforme, bursa 

 maris triloba, lobo intermedio producto, radiis septem (quorum 

 quinque bifurcati sunt) instructo ; lobis lateralibus radiis 

 quatuor instructis ; extremitate caudali femince oblique trun- 

 cata, subulata, apertura genitali supra caudce apicem. 



Long, feminae 10 lineEe, long, maris 1 uncia. 



Hab. In intestinis crassis Elephantici indici. 



Mus. Brit. 



