Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society. 323 



" In a short time, the progress made by the grapes in swelling was quite 

 visible ; and, at the same distance from the glass, they remained till ripened 

 in October and November. 



" The kinds of grapes are, Black Hamburgh, Black Burgundy, Green 

 Chasselas, White Constantia, White Muscat of Alexandria, and Black 

 Gibraltar." 



65. Another Hit at the Caterpillars. By Mr. Mackray, Annat. 

 Read June 5. 1828. 



Insulate the trees or bushes by surrounding them with a 

 small moat of water, retained by an annular canal of tempered 

 clay. This will prevent the spread of the caterpillars from 

 one bush or tree to another. 



66. Of the Disease in Turnips called Anbury, or Fingers and Toes. 



Queries were circulated for information on this subject, in 

 1819 ; and five communications in answer were received. 



Mr. Sinclair, formerly of Woburn Abbey, now of the New 

 Cross Nursery, has observed the galls or tubercles on turnips 

 since ever he had any knowledge of the culture of the plant. 

 He has observed the effects of the disease upon plants about 

 seven weeks old, but not earlier. When the plant is taken 

 up, and the gall opened, it is found to contain the larva of an 

 insect, sometimes not large enough to be distinguished by the 

 naked eye. As soon as the larva becomes in a fit state, the 

 gall begins to putrefy. 



" The excrescence becomes soft and spongy, the rind bursts, and a fetid 

 smell, peculiar to decomposing vegetable matter, exhales from it. Par- 

 tridges appear to be very fond of the larva : whenever they are seen to con- 

 gregate among affected turnips, the galls are found perforated, and the 

 insect taken out. Several insects are now attracted to the putrefying 

 mass; a species of .Musca [fly] deposits its egg on the surface. The larvae 

 burrow in the mass ; these are followed by different species of Staphylinus, 

 Pae'derus, &c. The former of these seem to live on the larvae of the 

 ikfusca ; for two of these lived three months, while supplied with these 

 larvae, but died soon after the supply was discontinued. They did not 

 appear to touch the matter of the turnip, on which the larvae of the fly 

 lived. Under these circumstances, when moist weather occurs, the mass 

 affected soon wastes away, and frequently a large root is found a mere 

 shell. The larvae are found solitary : how great a number soever inhabits 

 a root, every individual occupies a distinct cell. It appears to be a species 

 of the Cynips of Linnaeus ; and the Diplolepariae of Leach, Geoffroy, &c. 

 In the head, mandibles, jaws, &c, it is similar to the larvae which live on 

 the root of the cauliflower, broccoli, and other varieties of Z?rassica JVapus 

 and oleracea. The colour of the larva varies according to the colour of 

 the root : it is white in the common field globe turnip, and in cauliflower ; 

 yellow in the root of rape, and Swedish turnip, Scotch yellow, &c. The 

 latter - appear to be less subject to the disease than the white globe and 

 tankard varieties. In two instances where I collected specimens of severely 

 affected roots, and also of the soil, for chemical examination, I found the 

 roots had been in contact with a portion of tree leaves, which, probably, 



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