DALL: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. 255 
Turritidae. 
TURRIS Botten. 
Turris Rumphius, Amboynische Rariteitkammer, 1704; Argenville, Conchylio- 
logie, 1757 ; Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 1780 (nomenclature prelinnean). 
Murex (sp.) Linné, Syst. Nat., 1758, ed. 10, p. 7538; 1767, Ed. 12, p. 1220. 
Fusus (ex parte) Helbling, Abhandl. ein. privatges. in Boehmen, 1779, 4, p. 116; 
not of Lamarck, 1799. 
Turris (Anonymous) in Mus. Calonnianum, 1797, p. 34, 82; nude name including 
T. babylonius. 
Turris Bolten, Mus. Boltenianum, 1798, p. 123; Ist species Murex babylonius Linné, 
after Turris babylonica of Rumphius. 
Pleurotoma Lamarck, Prodrome, 1799, p. 73; sole ex. Murex babylonius Linné. 
Turris Gray, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 134, type 7. babylonius (Linné); H. and A. Adams, 
Gen. Rec. Moll. 1853, 1, p. 87; Weinkauff, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., 1875, p. 285; 
Martini-Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. Zweite Ausg., 1876, 4, pt. 38, Pleurotomacea 
p. 5; Gabb, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 2d ser., 4, p. 378; Dall, 
Journ. Conch. (Leeds), April, 1906, 11, p. 291; not Turris Montfort, 1810, 
nor Turris Lesson, 1837. 
The name Turris was originally proposed by Rumphius in 1704 for the shell 
afterward called Murex babylonius by Linné. He was followed by other non- 
binomial writers, such as Argenville and Chemnitz. The first binomial use of 
the name was in the anonymous Museum Calonnianum, but the names of both 
genus and species listed under it are absolutely “nude.” The only way of knowing 
what the author of the list meant is by a manuscript note of Humphrey which was 
inserted in copies sold by him. ‘Turris “‘ Humphrey” is erroneously stated by 
Herrmannsen and Cossmann to have been equivalent to Turritella, which is called 
Terebra in the Museum Calonnianum. 
In the following year the publication of Bolten’s catalogue introduced Turris 
in the sense originated by Rumphius nearly a century before and with the same 
type included. 
In this Bolten was followed by Fabricius in 1822,! Gray in 1847, and H. and 
A. Adams in 1853. No other course is consistent with the rules of nomenclature, 
as is shown by the writer in an impending publication on the Miocene Fossils of 
Oregon. 
A year after the issue of Bolten’s catalogue Lamarck, disregarding a century of 
usage and tradition, proposed the name Pleurotoma for this group, which has 
generally been adopted, owing to the wider circulation of Lamarck’s Animaux 
sans Vertebres, and tke influence of the French school, at that time the most bril- 
liant workers in Conchology of the whole world. 
It is with regret that we are obliged to discard a familiar name, but there seems 
to be no alternative open to the impartial student. 
1 Fortegnelser, p. 83. This is stated on the authority of Herrmannsen, as the 
writer has not been able to consult this work. 
