DALL: MOLLUSCA AND BRACHIOPODA. 259 
retracted. The three species known to possess this character have therefore been 
thought worthy of a special name. 
Manaiuta Risso, 1826. Shell small, with an elevated spire, feeble spiral and 
more emphatic axial sculpture ; aperture elongate, outer lip thin, entire, simple; 
anal sulcus obscure; animal inoperculate. Type M. costulata Risso = Murex 
nebula Montagu. 
Risso named no type, and his species are heterogeneous, as were those of 
Leach published a quarter of a century later. M. striolata Risso, suggested as 
type by Gray in 1847, cannot be accepted in that character, as it does not agree 
with the generic diagnosis, being a Clathurella. By taking the first species as 
type, which also agrees, not only with the diagnosis but with the majority of the 
species mentioned by Risso, we come to a result harmonious with the practice of 
the majority of authors who have treated of the genus. This will exclude from 
the group a few species of Cythara and Clathurella unwisely included in Risso’s 
original list. Since the name of the author intended to be honored was Mangili, 
we accept the correction proposed by Philippi to the Mangelia of Leach and 
Risso. 
CLATHURELLA Carpenter, 1856. Shell small, short-fusiform, with spiral and 
axial sculpture, usually pronounced; the last whorl large, with a very short 
canal; outer lip varicose, the margin in the adult projecting asa thin lamina some- 
what beyond the varix; anal sulcus strong, not deep, close to but not at the 
suture, the narrow bit of the outer lip behind the sulcus projected sometimes 
upon the body of the inner lip as a dentiform or nodulous morsel of callus; 
except this the body and columella bare, free from callus or lirae or denticulation ; 
canal narrow, slightly recurved; suture distinct, spire rather acute, operculum 
wanting. Type Defrancia pagoda Millet; Tertiary fossil, 1825, not Pleurotoma 
pagoda Reeve, 1845. 
The genus Defrancia was proposed by Millet in a paper printed in the early 
part of 1827, and in the course of that year it was adopted by Des Moulins and 
shortly after by several other authors. It was soon pointed out that the name 
was preoccupied in Polyzoa by Brown, and Philip Carpenter in 1856 proposed 
for Defrancia Millet, 2on Brown, the new name of Clathurella, on the ground that 
the former name is preoccupied. Carpenter named no type, and therefore those 
who concern themselves with the genus must accept as the type of Clathurella 
the type of the original Defrancia Millet. Millet himself named no type, though 
his species seem all congeneric. 
Lovén, who adopted Defrancia in 1846, referred to it the recent Pleurotoma 
linearis, which, although a member of the genus, was not included in Millet’s list. 
Notwithstanding this it has been generally cited as the type of the genus following 
Gray’s mention of it in 1847. The only species mentioned by Millet which is 
averred to be found living is his D. sutwralis. This is stated by several authors 
to be identical with Pleurotoma gracilis Philippi (= emarginata Donovan) which 
has served as the type for the groups Bellardia Bucquoy, Dollfus and Dautzen- 
berg, 1882, not of Mayer, 1870; Comarmondia Monterosato, 1884, and Bellar- 
