396 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 
tensive collection of fossils from the Silurian and Devonian of 
Bolivia made by Steinmann. Inasmuch as the same faunas probably 
extend into Peru the descriptions of the fossils will be of value when 
similar studies are undertaken farther northward. Recently Dereims 
(1906) has described the occurrence of the Silurian at many places 
in Bolivia, some of which are near the border of Peru in the Titicaca 
basin, although most of them are to the south in the Cordillera Real 
(Oriental) of Bolivia, but he has not yet described his collections of 
fossils. 
DEVONIAN. 
The first recognition of a Devonian locality which has a bearing 
on the geology of Peru was by d’Orbigny (1842), who made collec- 
tions in the Titicaca Lake region in Bolivia and found fossils which 
he described as characteristic of that period. 
Forbes (1861) when in the field did not distinguish the Devonian, 
but included it with the upper Silurian. Later he was induced by 
Salter, who studied the collections of fossils, to show the Devonian 
in his section because of the finding of Phacops latifrons, which 1s 
admitted to be a truly Devonian species. Ferbes’s localities are in 
Bolivia, near Lake Titicaca. 
Mention has already been made of the collections from Bolivia 
made by Steinmann which were studied by A. Ulrich (1892) and 
found to contain an interesting series of Silurian and Devonian 
fossils. The descriptions by Ulrich will be of value when the Devo- 
nian in adjacent parts of Peru receives critical study. 
Still later Dereims (1906) has described the occurrence of the 
Devonian in Bolivia, near Lake Titicaca. He says it consists of sand- 
stones of different colors and thicknesses, alternating with shales of 
less importance. He obtained a collection of fossils, some of which 
he mentions, but he has not yet published his paleontologic studies. 
All the foregoing literature pertains to Bolivia, but it has a direct 
bearing on the geology of Peru, since the Devonian undoubtedly ex- 
tends across the border in the Titicaca basin. Thus far no Devonian 
fossils have been described from Peru, but Duefias’ (1907) obtained 
fossils from Taraco northwest of Lake Titicaca which Bravo 
has reported to be Devonian, although he did not determine them 
specifically. 
CARBONIFEROUS. 
The Carboniferous in Bolivia was studied by d’Orbigny (1848), 
who described a number of fossils. This was the first information 
which gave a definite reason to suppose that the Carboniferous exists 
@ Wnrique I. Duefias. Bol. del Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru No. 53, 
p. 156. See footnote. 
