13 II. Suborder INTEGRIPALPIA Martynov 



F\ill -grown larva. Length 5—40 mm, suberuciform or eruciform. 

 Abdomen in most families cylindrical or nearly cylindrical, rarely slightly 

 flattened dorsoventrally. Mesonotum sclerotized except in one family; 

 metanotum entirely membranous or with several small tergites. Abdominal 

 segment 1 with 1 dorsal and 2 lateral tubercles, with rare exceptions. 

 Tracheal gills restricted to abdomen, situated on the dorsal, pleural 

 and ventral sides or on the ventral and dorsal sides only, usually consisting 

 of 1 — 3 filaments, sometimes of 4 or more filaments. Lateral line present, 

 rarely absent. Tergite of abdominal segment 9 small, situated in posterior 

 part of segment. Anal legs short, claw small, massive, directed laterally. 



The larvae live in portable cases which are tubes of different form, with 

 a covering of detritus, sand grains, small stones or mollusk shells. In 

 some cases the covering consists of pieces of stalks and leaves of plants 

 or moss, bitten off by the larva. Rarely, in some species of Leptoceridae, 

 the case consists only of silk, without covering. 



Pupa. Length 4.5— 5.0 to 30— 35 mm. First abdominal segment with a 

 process or ridges dorsally with serrations or spinules. Tracheal gills 

 present on abdomen, with rare exceptions. Anal appendages rodlike, 

 sometimes lobe -shaped. The pupae are situated in tubular cases closed 

 by a membrane with openings of various form; the membrane is often 

 sievelike. The cases are attached to the substrate or lie free on the bottom. 



Mode of life and habitats. The larvae of Integripalpia have a wider 

 ecological range than those of Annulipalpia. They inhabit a large variety 

 of running and stagnant water bodies including springs, small and large 

 streams and rivulets with slow or rapid current, rapids at the foot of 

 mountains, in foothills, and in large rivers in the plains, floodplain water 

 bodies, small and large distrophic, eutrophic, and oligotrophic lakes, small 

 temporary spring puddles, and on the surface of sedge and sphagnum lakes. 

 Many species live among humid leaves or moss, on stones in the surf zone, 

 or in areas of small, oozing springs. The larvae of one European genus 

 which does not occur in USSR, Enoicyla Ramb., live outside the water. 



Distribution. Cosmopolitan. 



Key to Families 

 Full-grown larva 



1 (4). Larva suberuciform. 



2 (3). Mesonotum membranous or with a small median sclerite near the 



anterior margin. 



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