Gills on abdominal segments 1—8 or 2— 8^ with tufts of 8—24 filaments, 

 some filaments bifid or trifid. 



Case cylindrical, slightly curved anteriorly, made of flat, smoothly 

 arranged particles. 



Pupa. Length 15— 16 mm. Wing sheaths reaching to abdominal segment 3. 

 Midlegs natatorial with short, sparse setae. Anal appendages absent or 

 in form of thin, small rods. 



Mode of life and habitats. Small, usually slowly running 

 water bodies; the pupae of some species live in moist soil. 



Distribution. Western, northwestern, and central parts of European 

 USSR. In addition. Central and Northern Europe, North America. 



1. Ironoquia dubia Stephens 



Struck, 1899:326, Figure 25; 1 900: Figure 8; 1 903 : 102-104, Plate II, 

 Figure 7.— Ulmer, 1903:70-71, Figure 50.- Siltala, 1904c: 61-62, 



Figure 14a.- Ulmer, 1909:255, 313.- 

 Dohler, 1914:39—41, Figures 9—11,16, 17, 

 25—29.— Lestage, 1921: 703—704, Figure 

 241.- Lepneva, 1940:213—214. 



Full-grown larva. Length 1 5— 17 mm. 

 Head light, with distinct pattern (Figure 128); 

 ground color dirty light yellow; stripes and 

 spots light brown, dots light or light with 

 dark margin; frontoclypeus dark laterally, 

 with light spots in the middle which are large 

 anteriorly and smaller in the middle and 

 posteriorly. 



Dorsal stripes light brown, indistinct to fork 

 of frontal sutures; a light area along coronal 

 suture; groups of dots on the stripes; posterior 

 part of head with large dots dorsally and on 

 the lateral stripes; similar dots ventrally 

 lateral to occipital foramen. Quia oblong, 

 with curved sides, gular suture almost as 

 long as gula. Intermediate seta slightly 

 smaller than median seta, both black, thick; 

 lateral seta thin, light, curved; anterior 

 frontal seta the same; middle frontal seta 

 black, situated near tentorial pit; posterior 

 frontal seta small, yellowish. Seta 9 long, 

 thick, situated between eye and tentorial pit; 

 seta 11 thin, short, situated behind 9; seta 

 10 small, light, situated lateral to anterior 

 margin of eye; seta 7 brown, short, situated 

 near anterior margin; seta 14 situated further 

 posteriorly and medially, thick, black, the 

 longest on the head; seta 12 situated behind 

 the eye, short, thin, brown; seta 13 small. 



FIGURE 128. Ironoquia dubia 

 Steph. Mandibles, head , thorax , 

 abdominal segments 1—2, dorsal 



89 



