86 



anterior margin broadly membranous, with rounded median process; seta 

 1 small, light, situated on the membrane near the process; other setae 

 situated on sclerite, large, black, hooked at the end. Mandibles (Figure 143) 

 blackish brown; distal part relatively wide, median blade serrated; basal 

 setae dark, about the same length. Wing sheaths reaching end of segment 4. 

 Midlegs natatorial; golden setae on tarsal segments 1—4. 



Abdominal segment 1 dorsally with brownish sides, and a thick brownish 

 black ridge posteriorly, with small denticles in the middle. Lateral line 

 from end of segments 5—8; setae dense, grayish brown. Gills absent. 

 Holding apparatus on segments 3—7; presegmental plates of 2 posterior 

 segments oblong, with denticles in the middle and laterally; plates yellowish 

 brown, denticles dark brown or blackish; number of denticles: 111:2—3; 

 IV:2-3; V:2-4+ 30-32; Vl:2-4; VII:3-5 (Figure 144). 



Anal rods (Figure 145) long, thin, brown, thin, light, hook -shaped 

 terminally, with small, needlelike spinules more numerous at end of rod. 

 Genital appendages of male pupae short; penis sheath bifid. 



Case 16— 17 mm long, flattened ventrally, made of sand grains and small 

 stones, with larger stones at sides; anterior opening covered by a flat 

 stone which leaves a transverse slit ventrally and dorsally, the slit crossed 

 by strands of tissue; ventral slit larger than dorsal, its ventral margin 

 with several large, thick, dark brown strands of tissue which attach the 

 anterior end to a stone; posterior end also covered by membrane and 

 concealed by a small stone, but the stone is more convex, som.etimes of 

 irregular shape; 1 or 2—3 large disks on thick stalks around the small 

 stone; both posterior and anterior ends of the case thus are attached to 

 the stone. 



Mode of life and habitats. Rheobiont; phytophagous, in brooks 

 and small mountain rivulets, on stones, in shallow water, at a depth of 

 0.1-0. 5mm. 



Distribution. USSR : Altai, Sayans, Maritime Territory and Amur 

 Region, Sakhalin. In addition, Japan. 



3. Subfamily APATANENAE Ulmer 



Full-grown larva. Small to medium-sized, 5— 16 mm long. Head convex 

 dorsally, short ventrally to length of gula; frontoclypeus relatively large; 

 pattern absent or indistinct, dots indistinct, light; large setae relatively 

 thin; a number of short, thick setae among the smaller setae; head 

 sometimes with secondary setae. 



Labrum with broadly membranous anterior margin; posterior-angle 

 sclerites oblong. Mandibles spatulate; apex without teeth, smooth, 

 sometimes finely serrated. 



Dorsal side of prothorax strongly convex, ventral side short; pronotum 

 with projecting anterior margin, posterior margin also curved, lateral 

 margin very short; transverse groove in anterior third absent, in contrast 

 to Limnophilinae. Dots as on the head. Posterior margin of segment with 

 only a median, broad, dark, transverse stripe. 



Mesonotum with broadly membranous posterior margin, with slightly, 

 sometimes incompletely, sclerotized posterior part; dots dark, some of them 



103 



