144 



filiform, posterior end. Head with distinct pattern of dots, stripes, and 

 spots, rarely uniformly dark. Only primary setae on head; seta 14 the 

 longest, often as long or almost as long as width of head. 



Labrum wide, with distinct median indentation and rounded anterior angle; 

 posterior-angle sclerites dark, curved ventrally; setae as in Figures 247 

 and 418. 



Mandibles short, black; teeth blunt, small, near distal margin. 



Sclerites of cardo transverse with large, dark, median spot and dark, 

 lateral stripe. Submentum consisting of 2 sclerites in each half: a lateral 

 and a median. Stipes large; lateral seta larger than 2nd seta. Palpifer 

 large; galea short, lobe -shaped; maxillary palp short, almost as long 

 as palpifer. Mentum in form of a wide, dark semicircle; ventral sclerites 

 oblong; seta subapical, sm.all; labial palps well developed, narrow, with 

 distinct sensillae; labium dome -shaped. 



Pronotum with distinct, sometimes dark, transverse groove in anterior 

 third, which divides sclerite into 2 unequal parts: a more or less flat, 

 sometimes dark anterior part, and a convex posterior part usually with a 

 distinct, punctate pattern; dots of posterior part forming 2 oblique short 

 rows meeting near median suture in a characteristic X-shaped figure. 



Gills with 1—3 filaments. 



Case straight, rarely slightly curved, made of detritus, plant fragments 

 or sand grains, sometimes with rough, irregular surface. 



Pupa. Length 8—26 mm. Labrum with rounded anterior margin; median 

 process inconspicuous; setae as in Figure 239; mandibles with relatively 

 narrow, slightly serrated distal part. 



Abdominal segment 1 with a wide, saddle -shaped dorsal process. Holding 

 apparatus on segments 3—8. Gills with 1—3 filaments. Anal rods straight, 

 slightly narrower posteriorly, with 4 small, dark setae. 



Case as in the larva; membranes with numerous, often sievelike holes. 



Mode of life and habitats. Stagnant and running water; among 

 vegetation, on stones, on bottom of detritus or sand and detritus. 



Distr ibution. Throughout the USSR. In addition, Europe, Asia, North 

 America, northern coastal belt of Africa. 



Key to Tribes 

 Full-grown larva 



1 (2). Larvae of different size; head with some dark dots; pattern usually 



consisting of stripes and spots; seta of submentum situated on a 

 sclerotized dot; gills with 3 filaments on anterior abdominal 

 segments, 1 or 2 filaments on posterior segments; case made 

 of fresh plant particles, detritus, mollusk shells, rarely sand 

 grains 1. Limnophilini Kol. (p. 179) 



2 (l). Larvae usually medium-sized or large; head with numerous dark 



dots, usually without a shaded pattern; setae of submentum situated 

 on a small transverse plate; gills with a single filament; case 

 smooth, made of mineral particles, rarely of detritus. 



3 (4). Large species, rarely small; larvae of large species 20—25 mm long; 



case made of sand grains, small stones, or pieces of detritus 



2. Stenophylacini Schm. (p. 313) 



178 



