leaves. Case open posteriorly or covered by membrane with convex outer 

 side and with large round hole; membrane covered with smoothly arranged, 

 small fragments of leaves. 



Pupa. Length 20 mm. Antennae reaching abdominal segment 6, scape 

 longer than other segments; apical margin of pedicel and basal margin of 

 next segment with one common group of 9—10 small, brown setae. Clypeus 

 and labrum brownish; each side of clypeus with 2 thin, short, brown setae, 

 and a small, light seta; anterior margin of labrum with indistinct median 

 process; a narrow, reddish brown sclerotized stripe at ventral margin; 

 seta lateral to process small, yellowish; 5 other setae thick, black, hooked 

 at end, situated on tubercles. Mandibles reddish brown; distal part 

 relatively short, wide, with blunt apex and almost straight median margin; 

 blade with barely visible serration. 



Wing sheaths blunt apically, reaching middle or end of abdominal 

 segment 4. Midlegs natatorial, with dense setae on tarsal segments 1—4; 

 tarsal segments 1—3 of hind legs with sparse setae. 



Dorsal process of abdominal segment 1 large, narrower toward saddle - 

 shaped apex, blackish brown, rugose, with 4 large transverse, dorsal 

 folds and 4 thin setae on each side; apical lobes blackish, with small, black 

 spinules. Lateral line on segments 5—8; setae dense, grayish black. 

 Gills on segments 2—8. Holding apparatus on segments 4—7; postsegmental 

 plates of segment 5 large; number of denticles: IV: 3— 6; V:5— 6 + 31— 34; 

 VI: 4-5; VII: 2. 



Segments 8—9 dorsally with 4 setae near posterior margin, 3 of them 

 black, large, the 4th (intermediate, near the medioanal seta) small, brown. 

 Anal rods thicker at the end, curved upward and laterally; 1st of the 

 4 setae small, light, yellowish, situated in middle; other 3 setae blackish 

 brown, thick, situated one behind the other on median side at thick distal 

 end of rod. 



Pupal case 35—40 mm long. Sievelike, anterior and posterior membranes 

 with large holes and narrow strands between them as usual in Grammo- 

 taulius (Figure 284). 



Mode of life and habitats. Small, swampy, overgrown water 

 bodies. 



Distribution. Northern, western and central parts of the European 

 USSR, Western and Eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, Maritime Territory, 

 Shantar Islands. In addition, Finland, Scandinavia. 



3. Grammotaulius nitidus MuUer 

 Struck, 1900:17, Figure 6 c. 



Full-grown larva.* Length 22 mm. Head (Figure 285, A) darker than 

 in foregoing described species. Frontoclypeus brown anteriorly, chestnut 

 brown at anterior angle and near tentorial pits; posterior part light brown, 

 narrowly brownish along sutures; anterior part laterally with dense groups 



Described from a specimen from a spring puddle in Karelia, 23 May 1952, and 2 specimens from the 

 collection of E. M. Kheisin; the larvae are identical with those from cocoons of full-grown pupae 

 (3 specimens) collected on 1 July 1919 in the Caucasus, Lake Madatapa, determined by A. V.Martynov 

 as G. nit id us. 



208 



