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lateral seta short, both thin; 2 thin setae, one moderately long, the other 

 short, situated between medioanal setae; 2—3 small setae on surface. 



Sclerite "b" of anal legs light brown; mediodistal, and neighboring 

 seta black, thick, long; lateral seta situated on distal margin, much smaller, 

 reddish brown; ventral seta smaller; 2 thin, moderately long, dark brown 

 setae at median margin; 9—10 small setae on surface. 



Claw brown, reddish brown apically, with a large, dorsal denticle and 

 with a minute light spinule on each side of denticle. 



Case 18— 20 mm long, smooth, made of small sand grains, sometimes 

 also with fine plant particles with projecting ends; anterior opening truncate, 

 posterior opening straight, open (Figure 356). 



Pupa. Length 13— 15 mm. Antennae brushlike, reaching abdominal 

 segments 8—9, with 4—5 small setae at distal margin. 



Labrum with small median process anteriorly, small, light seta situated 

 near it; other 5 setae hooked, black, situated on light background. Ante- 

 clypeus with 3 setae, 2 of which are short and thin; lateral seta smaller. 

 Mandibles chestnut brown, distal part wide, apex dark brown, blade serrated; 

 lateral setae dark, thin, of about same length. Wing sheaths reaching to 

 abdominal segment 4. Midlegs natatorial; segments 1—4 of hind tarsi 

 with sparse, thin setae. 



Dorsal process of abdominal segment 1 yellowish, with slight, transverse 

 striation; distal process saddle -shaped, reddish brown, lobes with dark 

 brown setae. 



Holding apparatus with reddish brown plates; each presegmental plate 

 with a large hook on each side, other hooks small, not always distinct; 

 number of hooks : 111:3; IV: 3-4; V: 3 + 14-16; VI: 3-4; VII: 4-6. Lateral 

 line on segments 5 — 8, with large, dense, blackish setae. Gills as in larva, 

 on segments 2—7. 



Anal rods as in Figure 357, A: 1st seta situated basally, 2nd seta in 

 middle, 3rd and 4th seta moderately long, situated apically and subapically 

 on end. Sheaths of ventral appendages of male pupae large, broadly 

 rounded; penis sheath bifid (Figure 357, B). 



Case as in larva, slightly shorter, attached at anterior end to large 

 roots or branches; anterior and posterior opening with sievelike membrane. 



Mode of life and habitats. Larvae live in ditches, puddles, 

 often in running water, also in small ponds; detritophagous and phytophagous. 



Distribution. Northwestern, western, and central parts of the 

 European USSR. In addition. Central and Northern Europe. 



11. Limnophilus lunatus Curtis 



Reaumur, 1737: Plate XII, Figure 3.- Hagen, 1864:243-244.- Klapalek, 

 1888:14-17, Figure 5.- Ostwald, 1899:75.- Struck, 1900: Figure 5; 

 1903:74, Plate I, Figure 13.- Ulmer, 1903:60.- Siltala, 1904c: 46, 

 Figure 10. - Ulmer, 1909:260. - Lestage, 1921 :734, 748. - Lepneva, 

 1940:215.- Hickin, 1943:66-68, Figures 1-9. 



Full-grown larva. Length 15— 17 mm (Figure 358). Main color of head 

 brownish yellow. Pattern on frontoclypeus (Figure 359, A) reddish brown, 

 more or less widened anteriorly; usual small anterior median indentation 



258 



