Pupa. Length 9—11 mm in male pupae, 11.8— 13.4mm in female pupae. 

 Dorsal side of head near anterior margin with a brown, sclerotized process 

 (Figure 563) on clypeus, and divided into several tubercles; frontoclypeus 

 with a much smaller tubercle. Antennae of male pupae reaching middle of 

 anal rods, those of female pupae segment 7. Antennal segments 1 and 2 with 

 3—6 small setae. Labrum, with a small anterior-margin seta, and 5 large, 

 dark, setae which are curved , the end projecting upward. Mandibles 

 (Figure 5 64) Relatively broad, with a lateral tubercle with 2 short setae at 

 base, dorsal seta larger than ventral; distal part wide, short; median blade 

 slightly concave, serrated, a row of small spinules further basally. 



Midlegs natatorial, with setae on segments 1—4. Lateral line on 

 segments 5—8. Holding apparatus on segments 3 — 7, number of spinules: 

 111:2-5; IV:2-5; V:2-5 + 6-12; VI:2-4; VII:2-5. 



Anal rods thin, setae as in Figure 565. 



Case 13.8— 17.6mm long (Figure 566); anterior and posterior end dome- 

 shaped; anterior end covered with fine sand grains, posterior end by larger 

 grains; holes in postei-ior membrane more numerous than in anterior 

 membrane; case attached at posterior end by numerous, thin ligaments. 



Mode of life and habitats. On stones, in running water, brooks, 

 rheocrene springs and ditches, often swampy; larva avoids areas with a 

 322 rapid current; feeding on algae and moving rapidly, hiding its head in case; 

 larva clings to stones with claws of its longest legs, the midlegs. 



Distribution. Southwestern part of the European USSR. In addition, 

 Europe, mainly Central. 



III. Family G O E R I D A E Ulmer 



F\ill-grown larva. Medium-sized, 8—15 mm. Head short, narrower 

 anteriorly; dorsal surface curved, forming a distinct hump; eyes situated in 

 323 middle of head, antennae between eye and seta 7. Gula triangular, usually 

 with curved sides. Most of primary setae markedly reduced; secondary 

 setae small, light, procumbent. Labrum with broadly membranous anterior 

 part. Submentum with 2 large, oblong, median sclerites. 



Pronotum with large, pointed, anterior-angle processes; a similar 

 process on mesopleuron. Each half of mesonotum with 2 sclerites, median 

 and lateral, latter divided transversely into 2 parts, or 2 separate sclerites. 

 Metanotum with 3 or 4 sclerites. 



Abdomen, in contrast to Apataniinae, almost uniformly wide from 

 segment 2 to segment 7, sharply tapering posteriorly. Gills on segments 2—' 

 with 3, rarely 2 or 4, filaments. Tergite of seginent 9 absent, setae at 

 posterior naargin, including several secondary setae. Claw short, usually 

 with a small, dorsal denticle. 



Case made of sand grains, tubular, almost straight, slightly curved and 

 tapering posteriorly, with larger sand grains or small stones laterally, 

 sometimes attached at margin. 



Mode of life and habitats. Small running water bodies, brooks, 

 and rivulets with a slow current; open shore of lakes with moderate surf. 



Distribution. Throughout the USSR. In addition, Europe, Africa, 

 Asia, North America. 



405 



