Genital appendages in form of wide, posteriorly rounded processes; penis 

 sheath wide. 



Pupa situated with dorsal side downward and ventral side upward. 



Wings of pupal case short, as construction ceases before pupation. 

 Anterior opening .pf case with a membrane with an ellipitcal slit near dorsal 

 wall, slit kept open by ends of mandibles, which make frequent cutting 

 movements; posterior opening with a vertical slit cleaned by anal rods. 



Mode of life' and habitats. Lakes, on a bottom of sand with silt 

 and a large proportion of detritus, open littoral and among vegetation, 

 especially among reeds, S c o 1 o c h 1 o a festucacea and rushes; larvae 

 avoid strong surf and prefer areas protected from wind; sometimes in 

 lower zone of open littoral or upper sublittoral (Grebecki, Kinastowski, 

 Kuznicki, 1954:196—231; Lepneva, 1928:49—50). 



Distribution. The European USSR, Sayans (Minusinsk), Eastern 

 Siberia (Angara, larva). Maritime Territory (Vladivostok). In addition, 

 Europe, Japan (larva). 



2. Molanna albicans Zetterstedt (Molanna palpata McLachlan)* 



Lepneva, 1928:46— 50, Plate II, A, Figures 1—4; 1940:156, 209, Figure 156, 

 1—6. 



Full-grown larva. Length 15.0 — 16.5mm. Main color yellow or yellowish 

 brown; pattern dark, brownish. Dorsal stripes as in M.angustata; 

 425 frontoclypeus more broadly dark laterally, except in area of posterior frontal 

 seta, posterior angle dark; light transverse stripe in area of posterior frontal 

 seta forming a light cross pattern together with narrow longitudinal stripe on 

 dark background (Figure 690, A). Ventral side of head dark and with 

 indistinct dots in posterior part and lateral gula. Gula slightly wider than in 

 M. angustata, with almost straight posterior margin (Figure 690, B). 



Pronotum dark posteriorly, with large dark dots. Mesonotum (Figure 691) 

 different from that of M. a n gu s t at a , without transverse suture, which is 

 replaced by a ridge and dark spots and dots lateral to it. 



Dorsal and lateral processes of abdominal segment 1 as in M.angustata, 

 as also are lateral line and setae of segments 1—7. 



Tergite of segment 9 yellowish, dark at anterior margin, with indistinct 

 dots, medioanal and lateral setae long, black, situated at posterior margin; 

 intermediate seta short, thin; anterior margin seta situated close to 

 intermediate seta, also short and thin; anterior-angle seta black, shorter 

 than lateral seta. 



Sclerite "b" of anal legs with 3 long, thick, black, dorsal setae posteriorly; 

 lateral posterior margin seta thinner; surface, as in M. ang u s t at a , with 

 long, thin, secondary setae; median part with light, slightly curved spines 

 instead of numerous thin setae as in M. angustata; a short, thick, brown 

 42 6 spine subapically in posterior part (Figure 692). Sclerite "c" with a short, 

 reddish brown seta; claw with 2 large dorsal denticles, as in M.angustata. 



Case resembling that of M. a n g u s t a t a in form of dorsal shield; tube 

 less convex ventrally, consisting mainly of coarse sand grains and detritus; 

 some cases consist almost entirely of detritus. 



" Usually appears as Molanna palpata in the Soviet literature. 



532 



