X. Family B E R A E I D A E Wallengren 



Full-grown larva. Small. 4 — 10 mm long; head and thoracic segments 

 relatively wide; abdominal segments tapering posteriorly. 



Frontoclypeus with rounded sides; anterior part much wider than 

 posterior part; a foldlike comb with higher anterior and lower posterior 

 part lateral to articulation of mandibles. Antennae situated at end of 

 fold; sensilla with membranous apex and a subapical seta; eye situated 

 at posterior end of fold. Ventral side without gular suture; gular area 

 slightly darker. 



Labrum wide, short. Mandibles massive, with small, blunt teeth; a brush 

 in median depression of each mandible. Submentum with 2 sclerites; 

 maxillary palps short, with wide segments, 

 gj^g Pronotum entirely sclerotized; mesonotum with thin, sometimes 



incomplete, light sclerite; both segments with numerous, secondary setae. 

 Metanotum membranous. Midlegs and especially hind legs long, thin; 

 all legs with numerous secondary setae. 



Species living in humid biotopes without dorsal and lateral processes 

 on the first abdominal segment and gills; aquatic species have normally 

 developed processes and gills with 2 — 9 short filaments. Lateral line 

 absent; segment 9 without tergite. 



Anal legs wide, large, partly fused basally; area "b" with reduced 

 sclerite, a teat-shaped or conical membranous process with a long, thick, 

 dark apical seta dorsally at apex. 



Claw of characteristic form, with large, thick, basal part and numerous 

 secondary setae, which is rare in Trichoptera; apex of claw with one or 

 2 dorsal denticles. 



Case made of sand grains, conical, smooth, slightly or markedly curved; 

 posterior membrane with a wide, central hole. 



Pupa. Body narrow, nearly cylindrical; antennae of male pupae almost 

 reaching posterior end of body, antennae of female pupae shorter. Labrum 

 rounded anteriorly. Mandibles with almost straight or curved distal part, 

 and serrated inner side. Wing sheaths narrow, reaching about middle of 

 abdomen. Mid-tarsi with natatorial setae, or bare, or with sparse, short 

 setae. Holding apparatus absent or little developed; gills as in larva, 

 small or absent. 



Anal appendages short, lobe -shaped in species living outside water in 

 aquatic forms, thin, rodlike, long. 



Case resembling that of larva, usually slightly shorter, attached at 

 anterior end; anterior membrane with narrow curved slit at ventral 

 margin; posterior membrane as in larva or with a wider hole. 



Mode of life and habitats. Small brooks and springs; in water 

 among moss or humid leaves. 



Distribution. Western part of European USSR; Caucasus; Middle 

 Asia. In addition, Europe, Iran, Australia, North America. 



Key to the Genera 



Full-grown larva 



1 (4). Mandibles without lateral distodorsal chaetoids; hind tarsus shorter 

 than tibia, both segments with long secondary setae; gills absent. 



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