ANATOMY OP CACOPUS STSTOMA. 553 



The rectus- abdominis muscle of the trunk is remarkable for 

 having shifted its origin backward from the j)ubes to the ischia ; 

 its outer portion is, along the greater part of its length, adherent 

 to the skin below. This is significant when viewed along with 

 the absence of the cutaneus-pectoris in this toad. At the third 

 inscriptio-tendina of each rectus-abdoviinis one finds a small tri- 

 angular portion, separated oflf from its main body, passing forward 

 and attached to the upper side of the xiphisternal plate (text- 

 fig. 15, A.S.). This muscle, which we may call "the abdominis 

 sternalis" should be regarded as a differentiated part of the inner 

 portion of the rectus-ahdoininis, for in Rana some of the fibres of 

 the latter in the same situation are attached to the xiphisternum. 

 "While the t^ecius- abdominis muscles are generally thin and 

 attenuated, the obliquus muscles are better developed and are 

 thrown into transverse puckers, and bulge out prominently on 

 the sides on account of the pressure of the enormously developed 

 viscera. 



Among the muscles of the thigh, the rectus-femoris-anticus is 

 absent, the triceps-fe^moris, composed of three divisions in Rqna, 

 is made up of only two, and the origin of the vastus-internus is 

 somewhat difl^erent. Though most of the anterior fibres of the 

 last arise from the capsule of the hip-joint, the rest of them arise 

 from a long tendon given ofi'by the same capsule (text-fig. 19 C, T.). 

 Further, this tendon is adpressed to the shaft of the femur by 

 tendinous slips which spring from it laterally. On one side of 

 the tendon, namely the inner lower side, these slips are so closely 

 set as to form a band (T.S.). As regards the rectus-internus- 

 minor, one finds that, on its lower side, a considerable number 

 of fibres take origin on the skin of the thigh (text-figs. 

 18 & 19 A). This partially cutaneous origin of the muscle 

 recalls a similar condition in the frogs described by Beddard (1). 

 The semi-tendinosus is inserted by a narrow tendon which spreads 

 in a triangular form over the anterior head of the tibio-fibula, 

 in this respect differing from that of Rana, where the tendon in 

 question unites with that of the sartorius to form an aponeurotic 

 arch. The add'UGt07--longus, the pectineus, and the adductor- 

 brevis may be considered as forming a single muscle, for they are 

 not distinctly delimited from one another. The greater portion 

 of this huge muscle is hidden from view by the sartorius and the 

 adductor-magnus , and where it is inserted on to the shaft of 

 the femur its fibres along the middle are firmly attached to a 

 crest of the femur already mentioned (text-fig. 19 B). 



8. Sumonary. 



(1) In the pharynx a new structure is situated to which the 

 status of an organ may be given, and it has been accordingly 

 named " the pharyngeal organ of Cacopus sy stomal'' 



(2) Sub-cutaneous as well as sub-peritoneal fat-bodies are 

 normally present in this toad ; while the former are developed 



