CETACEA OP THE NEW ZEALAND SEAS. 561 



by their centra and neural arches. Spinous processes forming a 

 high acute vertical ridge ; posteriorly the sides of the neural 

 arches project as laminated plates. Seven nerve foramina on each 

 side. Anteriorly there is a large vertical lateral process with 

 three projecting knobs in a vertical line and a fourth behind the 

 upper one. The first dorsal has a forwardly-directed spinous 

 process, short-pointed transverse processes, and bears no ribs. 

 Transverse processes in the second dorsal angular, in the third 

 and fourth wider and twisted, in the remainder very broad and 

 flat, with the anterior sides projecting considerably in advance of 

 the centra. Articular facets on the distal ends of the transverse 

 processes of the 2nd to 10th dorsals. Spinous processes broad and 

 flat, with lamellar metapophyses from the third dorsal backwards. 

 Lumbar vertebrae similar to last dorsal ; the transverse processes 

 longer in an antero-posterior than in a transverse direction. The 

 first seven caudals bear chevrons. Transverse processes reduced 

 to ridges on the fifth, last neural canal evident on the 8th caudal, 

 which is the last of the compressed foi-m. In all the vertebrae 

 behind the cervicals, the epiphyses are marked by distinct sutures. 

 Ribs 17, articulated to the 2nd to 18tli doi-sals. First single- 

 headed, broad and truncate distally, 2nd to 5th double-headed, but 

 the capitula not reaching the centra. Remainder single-headed, 

 with very broad, flat blades, except the last two pairs, which are 

 small and narrow. The last twelve ribs are set at nearly a right 

 angle to the transyerse processes of the vertebrae. Scapula much 

 wider than long, flat with a very slight spine ; acromion directed 

 forwards, flat, moderately broad, and tapering ; coracoid short and 

 narrow. Sternum shield-shaped, notched in front, one articular 

 facet on each side for the first rib. 



Locality not knoion. — {a) Skull of young in Auckland Museum. 

 Described by Hector (1875). (h) There is a skeleton or portion of 

 one in the Paris Museum sent by Mr. Trail in 1879. It probably 

 came from Stewart Island. 



Bal^noptera. 



Balcenoptera Lacep^de, 1804, Hist. Nat. Get. pp. xxxvi. 114; 

 type, B. acuto-ro strata Lacep. 



To the four recent species constituting this genus, 18 generic 

 names have been applied. Of these, eight were founded by Dr. J. 

 E. Gray, whose prolific writings on the Cetacea resulted in more 

 synonyms than valid names, and are the despair of later students. 



BALiENOPTERA MUSCULUS. 



Balcena mtcscuhcs Linne, 1758, Syst. ISTat. ed. 10, p. 76 (Scotland) 

 (not Bala27ioptera musculus auct.). Balcenoptera sibbaldii Gray, 

 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 92; Waite, 1912, Rec. Cant. 

 Mus. vol. i. p. 333, pis. 69-71 ; id. 1912,, Guide Whales & Dolph. 

 N.Z. p. 10, pis. 1-3. Balcenoptera musculas Linne, Waite, 1909, 

 Subant. Is. N.Z. vol. ii. p, 550. 



