OP THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 649 



The Tylopoda have the largest vallate papillas, and they are 

 arranged in two converging lines on the narrow intermolar 

 eminence. In Oamehcs dromedarius there are seven on each side 

 in a single chain. But Mayer (22) stated that the seven in 

 G. hactrianus are in two rows on each side — an inner one with 

 three papillee, and an outer one with four. In Auchenia the 

 numbers of papillae are not identical in each row. 



The Tragulidse have types of papillje which are not found in 

 any other group. There is a pair of long furrowed papillae 

 surrounded by a patulous fossa in both Tragidus and Hyomo- 

 schus ; but Flower (14) described many small papillie in the 

 latter. 



The tongue in Girafa has more papillae than that of any other 

 mammal. Miinch and Tuckerman counted fifty, and Owen (27) 

 described two fields, each with 15-20 elements. 



In the Cervidpe the papillye are iisually arranged in two rows 

 on each side. And the following numbers were observed by 

 myself, or recorded by others : — 



Muntiacus muntiac 6 on each side. 



Cervus elaphus 20-28 (26). 



,, axis 15-20 ,, ,, 



,, djyhoioski 20 ,, ,, 



,, humilis 10 ,, ,, 



CapreolvjS caprea 7-8 ,, ,, (24). 



Rangifer tarandus 5-6 ,, ,, (22). 



Alces machlis 18-20 ,, ,, (33). 



Gariacits virginianus 13 ,, ,, (33). 



,, toltecus 10-11 ., ,, (33). 



In the Bovidae there are rows of small papillae on each side, 

 and the number of rows are shown in the classification givea 

 below. 



The following list contains the number of papillae :— 



Bos taurus 10-17 on each side. 



Bison americantos 18 , , , , 



„ honasus 1 1 on one side, and 6 on the 



other (33). 



Bibos indicus 17-19 on each side (33). 



Budorcas taxicolor 14 ,, ,, (36). 



Gonnochcetes gm(j 20 ,, ,, (36). 



Gephcdophus maxvjelli 7 ,, ,, 



,, dorsalis 12 ,, ., 



Antilope ine^^gejis 18-20 ,, ,, (6). 



Rujncapra rupicapra 10 ,, „ (19). 



Antilocajjva americana 36 (33). 



Gapra hircus 12 ,, ,, 



,, ihex 13 ., ,. 



Ovis aries 12 ,, ., 



Ammotragus 8 ,, ,, 



