OP THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 



651 



Conical Papillce : — The teeth in the Ruminants are assisted by 

 the action of the hard conical papillae comminuting the food 

 against the prominent palatal ridges. 



In the Perissodactyla they are innumerable, slender, silky, 

 and set very closely together. And their characters are similar 

 over the entire dorsum. 



In Sus the lateral borders of the tongue have innumerable 

 long, club-shaped conical papillse, as in the Oetacea. But no 

 other genus of the Suina possesses them. In Potamochcerus the 



Text-figure 30. 



J^OLOIAM G. 



Tongues of tlie Ungulata. A {a-i) : vallate papillary patterns ; B [a-j) : naked 

 eye appearances of tlie vallate papillae : C {a-c) : fungiform papillae ; D : conical 

 papillaa ; E : fungiform papillse of the Bovidaj ; F : fungiform papillse of the 

 Cervidae ; I.M.E : intermolar eminence ; Gr : sublingual combs. 



conical papillae on the base are very large, pointed and directed 

 backwards. In Dicotyles all the papillte are very minute. The 

 characters of the conical papillae and lateral organs are useful for 

 classifying the Suina (page 653). 



In the Camelidse the anterior part of the tongue has minute 

 closely-set papillae. But those on the intermolar elevation are 

 large, flat, hard, and separated into two groups by a smooth 

 central strip. 



